..., but that the same things return with different names and colours. The West is currently undergoing a period of confusion that many analysts find difficult to understand. The London-instigated 2 March meeting of various European leaders, Canada and Turkey is unlikely to alter Trump’s and Putin’s objectives but merely irritate them. This article will aim to analyse what is happening and why, as well as delve deeper into the background of the conflict, positing that much depends on the individual,...
... involvement of regional players in mediation efforts has recently become notable, as demonstrated by Egypt and Qatar following the escalation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Furthermore, some countries in the region – such as the Arab States and Turkey – offer mediation services even beyond the Middle East, for example through their diplomatic efforts related to the conflict in Ukraine. In general, the desire of Middle Eastern states to strengthen their role, not only regionally but also globally ...
... problems of climate change, water shortages and energy stress. The states of the region, of course, are in a privileged geographical position to experience serious concerns about the trans-border manifestations of this challenge: they do not border Turkey, Israel and are sufficiently distant from the monarchies of the Persian Gulf. None of the neighbours of the Central Asian countries seriously considers their territories as a base for the deployment of subversive activities in their geopolitical ...
... 2017. Art. 231 of the US federal law "Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act" (CAATSA) created a mechanism for imposing
secondary sanctions on buyers of Russian weapons
. In practice, such sanctions were applied to China and Turkey, although they could hardly be called significant. In both cases, blocking financial sanctions were imposed on individual officials and departments of government agencies involved in the purchase of Russian systems. Such sanctions were not used ...
... (Niger).
Given that Russia is in many ways a security provider for some Sahel nations, the unfolding of its economic and humanitarian presence is less dependent on political dynamics and competition with other external players, which only partly affects Turkey and China. Accordingly, projects in energy, agriculture and water management, mining of gold and rare metals, transport and logistics have the potential to bring great benefits to Russia and its Sahelian partners. Russia is interested not only ...
The new Syrian authorities cannot simply cut ties with Moscow. They know well that Russia can be helpful in many pragmatic ways, including counterbalancing other actors, e.g. Turkey, the U.S. and the Gulf states
The first two months of the new authorities in Damascus could hardly provide us with a clear vision of Syria’s future. Meanwhile, the Transitional President of Syria and former Emir of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) ...
... could pursue nuclear weapons—either through secret programs or by formally withdrawing from the Treaty under Article X (1), with three months' notice. Countries with substantial technical expertise in this field include Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Ukraine. All of them are NPT members but could withdraw if major powers resume nuclear testing. Most of these nations are within the range of short- and intermediate-range carriers capable of reaching Russia, while ...
... ever put its own survival at risk in order to protect Europeans from a massive attack by, say, Russia. Even those who voluntarily transferred a significant part of their sovereign rights to the Americans, as happened with Germany, Italy, Britain or Turkey in the case of the deployment of US nuclear weapons there. These countries sacrificed their sovereignty, but it cannot be said that they received anything convincing in exchange in terms of ensuring their own security. The understanding of this ...
... replicated for Russia and Pakistan, providing a Eurasian trade corridor that benefits not only the two countries but also neighboring regions.
The potential for regional collaboration is immense. Countries such as Iran, Central Asian states, and even Turkey could capitalize on this connectivity, enhancing their trade links with South Asia and Europe. By aligning economic interests, this railway could act as a unifying force, promoting interdependence and shared growth in the region.
Transforming Partners ...
... other—with the following countries: Algeria, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Singapore, South Korea, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, the UK, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Yemen.
So the active work of ministries and specialized bodies, along with the development of the necessary tools and the institutionalization of this sector in general, indicates that the country is committed to ...
