... runs from Egypt through Jordan and Syria to Lebanon, could improve the power supply situation in Syria and Lebanon.
Second
, the mass return of Syrian refugees to their homeland will reduce the socio-economic burden on regional countries, especially Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan, where many of them still reside.
Third
, more investment from the EU will flow into Syria, which will accelerate its recovery and help the bloc regain its economic foothold in the country. Syria’s economic revival will, in ...
... is, restrictions on companies from third countries. They affected seven organizations from China (mainly suppliers of industrial equipment), two from the UAE (companies associated with the Russian tanker fleet, according to the EU), one company from Turkey (an importer and intermediary in oil sales), one from Israel (a supplier of electronics), and one from Belarus (a supplier of the Russian military-industrial complex). In general, the EU is still far from the volumes of the United States, but the ...
... avoid the illusion that Armenia’s foreign policy course is coherent or strategically well-calibrated. After 2022, Yerevan attempted simultaneously to maintain constructive relations with Russia while rapidly pursuing agreements with Azerbaijan and Turkey, relying on anticipated support from the European Union.
In practice, the only actors that currently provide Armenia with legally binding security guarantees are Russia and the CSTO.
Yerevan’s attempts to pivot toward other external partners ...
Challenges and Prospects of Disbandment
The
disbandment
of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) on May 12 raised questions about
Turkey's military position
in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region going forward. Analysts
questioned
if PKK members in Iraq's mountainous north will
follow
their central leadership's decision to disband the group. The PKK's
demobilization
in Iraq and the potential ...
... encountering minimal resistance. In this new unified Syrian state, referred to as the “new Syria” and governed by opposition groups, the transformation process has been going on for a while. According to many analysts, as well as leaders like Donald Trump, Turkey played a significant role behind this sudden success of the Syrian opposition. While Turkey initially denied any direct involvement, subsequent developments revealed Ankara’s sense of victory. Since 2011, Turkey has supported regime change against ...
... contrast, Iran was not thrilled about this proposal and chose to retain Shiite authority concentrated in Baghdad rather than restricting it to the South, aiming to
maintain
its influence over Iraqi decision-making in general. Because the Gulf states and Turkey viewed any
attempt
to establish an autonomous Shiite entity, it was seen as an immediate threat to the regional balance of power, and thus the idea was repeatedly
rejected
by the other countries in the region.
Iraq's System of Governance Under ...
... first Obama Administration (USD 45 billion) and later on plummeted due to US sanctions and major US companies leaving Russia. Trade relations between Russia and Iran have never been significant compared to relations that Russia has with China, India or Turkey. There is a significant untapped potential in Russia-Iran economic cooperation, but there are also many obstacles on the way to expand this cooperation. As for Western sanctions, Moscow and Tehran are in the same boat; these sanctions are not likely ...
... turn inward. On the contrary, it used diplomatic engagement as a tool to resist isolation. Moreover, Qatar maintained its ties with the U.S. and European nations, continued to invest in international projects, and strengthened its relationships with Turkey and Iran—demonstrating its ability to act independently of pressure from more powerful regional players.
Institutions also play a key role in shaping Qatar’s image as a global mediator. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Amiri Diwan (the ...
Can Turkey's Leadership Make Peace with the Kurdish Freedom Movement?
Can Turkey's Leadership Make Peace with the Kurdish Freedom Movement?
Since Mustafa Kemal Ataturk established Turkey on October 29, 1923, the Turkish government has not endeavored to ...
... states such as Iran, Iraq, Libya, Ethiopia, North Korea and Syria to name a few. However, after the Russia-Ukraine conflict, economic sanctions and coercion have been used to
target
major powers and strong emerging economies such as Russia, China, and Turkey. [
7
]
These actions led to a sense in the developing world, especially in non-Western states to search for alternatives to the structures created under the Bretton Woods system to sustain their respective economies and have durable and safe mechanisms ...
