The veteran leader knows Moscow well, and the Kremlin understands his agenda. But how will it play out this time?
Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s victory in the Turkish presidential election is supposed to mean there will be continuity in Ankara’s foreign policy. However, in this case, it applies not so much to the content as to the approach that will be taken: most probably constant manoeuvring in search of opportunities.
As a result, those preferences can change quite dramatically as circumstances transform...
... and goods— all this, unthinkable only recently, amounts to a de facto blockade.
Ivan Timofeev:
A State as Civilisation and Political Theory
Yet, the Western effort to completely isolate Russia has fallen far short. China and India, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, Iran and the United Arab Emirates, Brazil and South Africa, along with many others, have refused to join the U.S.-led sanctions coalition—no matter how some of them vote at the UN General Assembly. Moreover, a number of these countries have ...
... the dialogue and restoration of relations with Damascus refer to the fact Syria have become estranged from its Arab sisters during the years of absence from the LAS, essentially falling under the influence of other regional players, such as Iran and Turkey.
In the meantime, Bashar al-Assad’s critics tirelessly repeat that the SAR government must first change its policies to normalize the situation—for example, to resume negotiations with the opposition and ensure the return of refugees. The ...
... much greater impact on the market, keeping oil prices at a high level. Russia has its own reasons for the decision to cut production. The country’s leadership is trying to demonstrate to the main buyers of Russian oil—primarily India, China and Turkey—that maintaining pre-sanction oil exports is not an end in itself. It is important for Russia to monetize our hydrocarbons profitably, which is why Russia is trying to reduce the discount on its oil. Moscow shows that, to achieve this goal, it ...
In the midst of growing anti-American, anti-NATO and anti-Western sentiments in Turkey, the development of collaboration with Russia in all areas looks a win-win option
The next presidential and parliamentary elections in Turkey are scheduled for May 14, 2023. The voting will take place amid a challenging socioeconomic environment,...
... believing that anti-French sentiment was artificially fueled by the alleged “Russian propaganda.” Meanwhile, as
FRS
expert L. Rinel rightly
points out
, Russia’s information influence should hardly be exaggerated: other powers (China, Japan, Turkey, etc.) are also active in constructing their own narratives, while the French do give reasons for criticism (including the military’s nonideal behavior toward the local population).
Third, former claims to a special status have lost their basis ...
... architecture in the new conditions; the impact of the conflict on the global context, in particular, the dynamics of the U.S.-China relations, and the impact of the crisis on food security and food supply chains.
Experts from Russia, EU countries, and Turkey took part in the round table.
... mutual settlements. Indian business is also very cautious in dealing with Russian counterparties. The Indian market is important for Russia, but India itself, like China, can hardly be considered a “black knight” yet.
The same can be said about Turkey. Trade volumes have showт significant growth. Turkey has become an important hub for the supply of goods to Russia by companies that have left the country, as well as for the re-export of Russian goods. Turkish banks experimented with the MIR ...
..., economy, etc.), which is indicative of the numerous issues on the Russian-Syrian agenda.
Besides, the arrival of the Syrian president and his delegation coincided with technical talks between the deputy foreign ministers of Iran, Russia, Syria and Turkey, which were to have taken place on March 15-16 and were intended to pave the way for a meeting of the foreign ministers. The talks have been postponed for “a technical reason.”. Coincidentally or intentionally, Assad’s visit also concurred ...
... concrete example of such endeavors is the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), initiated between India, Russia and Iran in 2000. The 7200 km long corridor has been ratified by 13 countries until now in the Eurasian region including Turkey, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Oman, Tajikistan amongst other. The long-stretching multi-network connectivity program, which includes sea, rail and road lines connecting Mumbai to Saint Petersburg through ...
