... catastrophes”, yet not finding themselves in the crucible of an intensifying confrontation between great powers. Even now, strictly speaking, they remain quite distant from the regions where the military-political capabilities of the principal global powers—Russia, China, and the United States—might truly clash in earnest. When it comes to genuinely serious security threats that could have devastating consequences for the fate of entire peoples, the attention of the world is fixed on Europe, South-East and North-East ...
... the extent to which Beijing can prioritize Moscow in face of competing imperatives. Merz’s visit underscores that Berlin does not intend to sever ties with Beijing, thereby diminishing the probability of a rigid bipolar configuration of «West vs. China–Russia». Instead, the trip highlights the growing competition for Chinese resources, investment flows, and diplomatic attention.
The energy dimension is particularly sensitive. Following 2022, Germany significantly reduced its dependence on Russian energy ...
... containing China. If Washington becomes bogged down in the Iranian campaign, Beijing’s gains will increase. For Iran itself, China stands to become an even more important partner.
India
India is not critically affected by the crisis either, although it ... ... stable position no matter how the situation develops. But ending the conflict is more beneficial for India than continuing it.
Russia
The results of the first round of the campaign are likely to be beneficial to Moscow. The US focus has shifted to the Middle ...
... neither feasible nor desired. Its future is likely to be shaped by pragmatic, issue specific cooperation, flexible policy experimentation, and the organization’s ability to adjust to the shifting dynamics of Eurasian multipolarity, including changing China Russia relations, evolving Central Asian strategies, and the interests of newly acceding members such as Iran and Belarus. In this sense, the SCO’s dual agenda is not an obstacle to overcome but a strategic equilibrium to maintain, allowing the organization ...
... not come here.” The U.S. presidential executive order of April 6, 2020, states explicitly that Washington does not view outer space as a “global commons” and intends to encourage the extraction and use of resources with international support.
China and Russia, by contrast, rely on the United Nations framework and the primacy of the Outer Space Treaty rather than on U.S. “club” rules. Their own lunar project, the International Lunar Research Station, is presented as an open, partner-accessible initiative ...
... and the Russian army continues to advance, delaying such recognition will increasingly devalue Brussels's course. However, a willingness to adhere to this course at any cost cannot be ruled out.
What to do with China?
Compared to the United States, Russia, and Ukraine, China hardly poses a pressing problem for the EU. China remains a major trading partner and market. Secondary sanctions against Chinese companies for their cooperation with Russia have not yet led to complications. On the Taiwan issue, the EU has avoided ...
... their readiness to continue developing the organization as an element that binds together all other frameworks of cooperation among Eurasia’s states. At the front and centre of the SCO lies the continuously strengthening strategic partnership between Russia and China – serving as the guarantee of long-term stability across Eurasia for all of the states located here. For Moscow and Beijing, the last few years drove home the realization that security from global threats and the development of both powers remains ...
... President Vladimir Putin emphasised the importance of forming a new framework of equal and indivisible security in Eurasia and expressed his willingness to launch a substantive dialogue with the stakeholders. Soon after, the initiative was made part of Russia-China’s high- and top-level dialogue. In June 2024, it was further elaborated in Vladimir Putin’s speech at the Russian Foreign Ministry. [
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] The idea of equal and indivisible security in Eurasia was discussed during the Russia-India summit in ...
... maintaining global peace and stability in continental Eurasia is exceptionally compelling, which prompts us to discuss possible ways to supplement these preconditions through the constructive efforts of the states located there. These currently include China, Russia, India, and other countries in South Asia, as well as the entire Central Asian region and Afghanistan. Iran is in the most vulnerable position, as it is engaged in a direct conflict with a state that is a close ally of a power for which security ...
... package blocked the Indian company Nayara Energy, the operator of an oil refinery co-owned by a Russian oil company, as stated in Regulation 269/2014. The nineteenth package targeted the Chinese oil refinery Shandong Yulong Petrochemical, as well as ChinaOil, a buyer of Russian oil.
The UK and the US also took escalatory steps against the Russian energy sector and its partners abroad. Both London and Washington imposed blocking sanctions against two major Russian oil companies. The US took this step after a nine-month ...
