... weapons was a significant milestone in post-World War II. It changed the perception of war and had a revolutionary impact on international security. With their immense destructive power, nuclear weapons put human existence in danger. Nuclear war has a ... ... imperial rule. The integration of Europe evolved from the Coal and Steel Community to the European Community, and then to the European Union. Aspects of a European confederation—or a supernational sovereign state such as a European Federation—appeared ...
... security council of the German government convened. Iran was
urged
by Chancellor Friedrich Merz to engage in peace talks with the United States and Israel. Asserting that “Iran must not be allowed to develop a nuclear weapon, as it would be a threat to international security.” Kaja Kallas, the head of European Union foreign policy,
repeated
this position on the X media platform, calling on all parties to take a step back, get back to the negotiating table, and stop the situation from getting worse. This cautious attitude highlights Europe's efforts ...
Report No. 99 / 2025
Report No. 99 / 2025
The following report focuses on the Middle Eastern policies of extra-regional actors and their transformation in changing conditions. It concentrates on studying the strategies pursued by Russia, the U.S., the EU, China and India in the Middle East. The report also examines how Middle Eastern countries perceive extra-regional actors as they aspire to build pragmatic and balanced relationships with external partners.
Extra-Regional Actors in the Middle East...
Geopolitical stories by Dr. Katja Banik.
Many people do not realize how lucky we all are to be living in these times of change and upheaval – so, let’s make something of it!
„Schönheit ist überall ein gar willkommener Gast“ [1] (Goethe)
Russia with a reach: Peaceful grazing horses. Russia/Lithuania border near Rusnè.
(Summer 2023).
Multipolarity is a reality
One cycle comes to an end and a new cycle begins. The gravity of the world shifts, the old thinking, the old structures slowly disappear and...
... historically Europe has always sought a solution to its internal problems in wars with its neighbours. These problems are really big. First, the model of the socio-economic structure of most large European countries is in crisis. Britain, which left the European Union not so long ago, is no exception. The exhaustion of the possibilities for leading a parasitic existence in relation to the rest of the world now threatens European politicians with a loss of power due to the growing economic difficulties ...
Paradoxically, despite Britain’s exit from the European Union, she now finds herself playing a leading role in European security
Britain’s traditionally hostile attitude towards Russia—starting at least as early as 1791, when Prime Minister Pitt the Younger lambasted Russia for wishing to carve ...
If Ukraine fails to find a way out of the conflict, even after enduring significant damage and losses, it risks further erosion of its sovereignty
The failure of negotiations between Ukrainian leader Volodymyr Zelensky and US President Donald Trump has been perceived by many as a pivotal moment that “broke the mould.” Indeed, over the past three years, Washington’s unconditional and large-scale assistance to Kiev has become the norm. The US has provided the bulk of arms supplies, financial injections...
The motives of the visit are more symbolic than substantial, as New Delhi desires to ascertain whatever role it could play in the Ukrainian peace process
On August 23, on the eve of Ukraine’s Independence Day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi travelled to Ukraine after concluding his visit in Poland. The half-day trip to Kyiv was the first ever taken by an Indian Prime Minister to Ukraine. During the visit, four agreements were
concluded
. Modi met President Volodymyr Zelensky and conducted a meeting...
On the intertwined interests of regional and external powers in South Caucasus
Caucasus: turbulence in the shadow of Ukraine
These days, the Caucasus has been pushed to the margins of the international agenda and the media narrative by developments in and around Ukraine. However, the importance of geopolitical transformations in this part of Eurasia should by no means be underestimated.
Sergey Markedonov:
Armenian-Azerbaijani Conflict: Last Chapter or More to Come?
To begin with, it was here...
... which, as the author reminds his readership, was NATO’s proposed expansion into Ukraine and Georgia. This was a shocking manifestation of political irresponsibility, and it cannot be solely attributed to Ukraine, Russia, or the United States. The European Union and its member states, too, bear a significant amount of responsibility for the crisis that has befallen Europe. Since this is a conflict occurring within Europe and involving European nations, Mr. von der Schulenburg observes that the ...
