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The issue of internal transformation, taking into account external challenges, remains paramount for the EU Rarely in the history of the European Union has it faced challenges comparable to the ones it faces today. Since the end of the Cold War, the EU has been on the rise. Its membership has expanded quantitatively and qualitatively. Pan-European institutions and European law have been ...
... Islamic Revolution. Unlike the United States, they continued to purchase Iranian oil and invest in Iranian industry. The United States was only able to end this independence in the 2010s under the threat of secondary sanctions and financial penalties. The European Union criticised the US invasion of Iraq in 2003. Germany and France were particularly vocal. Even Moscow adopted a more cautious and balanced policy. Finally, after the Ukraine crisis started in 2014, the EU was hardly in a hurry to escalate ...
... In other words, an information blockade is aimed not at protecting against disinformation, but at shielding audiences from cognitive dissonance that may arise when the official narrative collides with inconvenient facts. After February 24, 2022, the European Union added to its already existent foundation , a system of new legislative restrictions on access to Russian information sources. At the same time, the scale of technological blocking exceeds the legal one: according to data compiled by the ...
The economic competition between “bullets and armour” continues The eighteenth package of EU sanctions was marked by a focus on the energy sector. From the very beginning of the Special Military Operation (SMO) in 2022, Brussels has placed particular emphasis on measures restricting the Russian fuel and energy sector. Bans were introduced and expanded on energy imports, on the export of equipment and technology for the oil, gas, and other industrial sectors, and on investments in the energy sector...
Ukraine will have to pay the price for the hawks’ triumph A new wave of sanctions against Russia has captured global attention, with the European Union’s 19 th package taking centre stage. Brussels had been working on it for a long time; Slovakia blocked its adoption back in late September, and Hungary also voiced objections. However, a new version of the package was ultimately adopted....
... than the military conquest of one country by another. Its goal was to establish collective security, rather than peace under imperial rule. The integration of Europe evolved from the Coal and Steel Community to the European Community, and then to the European Union. Aspects of a European confederation—or a supernational sovereign state such as a European Federation—appeared to vaguely take shape, as certain “government functions” emerged, although the EU can hardly be compared to a true national ...
... stability of the United States either. America’s problem is the limits of pressure on both Russia and the leaders of the world majority. They will still have to be spoken to on equal terms, even taking into account the US leadership in many areas. The European Union retains decent financial, industrial, infrastructural and human capabilities. But their conversion into political weight remains unclear. Brussels is actively developing skills in the field of common security policy. This experience cannot ...
We live in the realities of 2025, when increased efforts do not result in proportional damage The European Union has introduced its 18 th package of sanctions against Russia. EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas has called it “one of the strongest sanctions packages against Russia to date.” It is hard to ...
... was urged by Chancellor Friedrich Merz to engage in peace talks with the United States and Israel. Asserting that “Iran must not be allowed to develop a nuclear weapon, as it would be a threat to international security.” Kaja Kallas, the head of European Union foreign policy, repeated this position on the X media platform, calling on all parties to take a step back, get back to the negotiating table, and stop the situation from getting worse. This cautious attitude highlights Europe's efforts ...
... political factors may have a growing influence on Russian-Chinese economic relations. These include the trade war between China and the United States, a possible escalation of US sanctions against Russia, and the expansion of secondary sanctions by the European Union against Chinese companies. Russian-Chinese Dialogue: The 2024 Model. RIAC Report The trade war, in the form of increased import duties on imported goods, has become one of the calling cards of Donald Trump's second term in office. The ...
| U.S. wants to establish partnership relations with Russia on condition that it meets the U.S. requirements |
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| U.S. wants to deter Russia’s military and political activity |
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| U.S. wants to dissolve Russia |
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| U.S. wants to establish alliance relations with Russia under the US conditions to rival China |
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