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The issue of internal transformation, taking into account external challenges, remains paramount for the EU Rarely in the history of the European Union has it faced challenges comparable to the ones it faces today. Since the end of the Cold War, the EU has been on the rise. Its membership has expanded quantitatively and qualitatively. Pan-European institutions and European law have been ...
... Islamic Revolution. Unlike the United States, they continued to purchase Iranian oil and invest in Iranian industry. The United States was only able to end this independence in the 2010s under the threat of secondary sanctions and financial penalties. The European Union criticised the US invasion of Iraq in 2003. Germany and France were particularly vocal. Even Moscow adopted a more cautious and balanced policy. Finally, after the Ukraine crisis started in 2014, the EU was hardly in a hurry to escalate ...
Ukraine will have to pay the price for the hawks’ triumph A new wave of sanctions against Russia has captured global attention, with the European Union’s 19 th package taking centre stage. Brussels had been working on it for a long time; Slovakia blocked its adoption back in late September, and Hungary also voiced objections. However, a new version of the package was ultimately adopted....
... imperial rule. The integration of Europe evolved from the Coal and Steel Community to the European Community, and then to the European Union. Aspects of a European confederation—or a supernational sovereign state such as a European Federation—appeared ... ... intrigues and power struggles, with never-ending conflicts between monarchies, families, religions, states, and great powers. For thousands of years, wars have been occurring continuously and without interruption. The formation of a unified Europe has changed ...
... stability of the United States either. America’s problem is the limits of pressure on both Russia and the leaders of the world majority. They will still have to be spoken to on equal terms, even taking into account the US leadership in many areas. The European Union retains decent financial, industrial, infrastructural and human capabilities. But their conversion into political weight remains unclear. Brussels is actively developing skills in the field of common security policy. This experience cannot ...
... about its nuclear program in an effort to defuse the growing conflict. More than merely double standards have been shown by the European Union's response to the US strikes on Iran; it has also shown a level of visualization so deep that the European capitals ... ... Iranian nuclear negotiations in April, from which the Europeans were left out of, despite their active involvement in the Lausanne nuclear deal in 2015, during the Barack Obama administration. As a result, the United States appears to hold most of the ...
... political factors may have a growing influence on Russian-Chinese economic relations. These include the trade war between China and the United States, a possible escalation of US sanctions against Russia, and the expansion of secondary sanctions by the European Union against Chinese companies. Russian-Chinese Dialogue: The 2024 Model. RIAC Report The trade war, in the form of increased import duties on imported goods, has become one of the calling cards of Donald Trump's second term in office. The ...
Report No. 99 / 2025 Report No. 99 / 2025 The following report focuses on the Middle Eastern policies of extra-regional actors and their transformation in changing conditions. It concentrates on studying the strategies pursued by Russia, the U.S., the EU, China and India in the Middle East. The report also examines how Middle Eastern countries perceive extra-regional actors as they aspire to build pragmatic and balanced relationships with external partners. Extra-Regional Actors in the Middle East...
... and new opportunities are waiting to be seized. Old ways of thinking, often encrusted since the end of World War II, are no longer relevant. In particular, the EU must redefine itself. It can no longer hide behind the supposed protecting power, the USA. Thinking bigger, sovereignty, autonomy and personal responsibility are required. The continent of Europe encompasses more than the current EU. Russia, the largest country in the world, stretches from Eastern Europe to Northern Asia. The Urals are ...
... 2030. Key areas include the battery industry, microelectronics, aircraft, shipbuilding and green technology. The “Made in USA” label is once again proclaimed as one of the priorities for the current Trump economic strategy. Foreign direct investments,... ... came to the fore. Since the beginning of 2025, the White House has consistently increased pressure on US allies, including the European Union. Trump has clearly designated his position—“we no longer need partners who make money on us by creating a surplus ...
| U.S. wants to establish partnership relations with Russia on condition that it meets the U.S. requirements |
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| U.S. wants to deter Russia’s military and political activity |
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| U.S. wants to dissolve Russia |
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| U.S. wants to establish alliance relations with Russia under the US conditions to rival China |
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