... likely to take place. Turkish President Erdogan also has the option of freezing the accession process of Finland and Sweden to NATO by taking advantage of the terrorist attack if his wishes for a new military operation in U.S. politics are not carried out.
On the other hand, the position of Russia has not gone unnoticed by the Turkish leadership. Moscow has repeatedly deterred Ankara from launching a new offensive against the Kurdish left-wing radical groups in Syria. "Despite our repeated warnings to Russia, which is responsible for destroying terrorists in northern Iraq
[1]
and ...
... it is ...,” 2018, p. 85.
24
. BBC, “Ukraine crisis ...,” 2014.
25
. Karatnycky & Motyl, “The end of Voldymyr Zelensky’s honeymoon,” 2020.
26
. O’Loughlin & Toal, “The Crimea conundrum ...,” 2019, p. 9.
27
.
Ibid
., pp. 11-15.
28
. NATO, “Bucharest Summit Declaration,” 2008.
29
. HRW, “Russia/Syria...,” 2016.
30
. Amnesty International, “Syrian and Russian...,” 2016.
31
. Prashad,
Washington Bullets
, 2020, p. 138.
32
. UN, “Security Council approves ‘No-Fly Zone’ over Libya ...,” 2011.
33
. Kuperman, “Lessons from Libya ....
... order was complete. The takeover of Crimea and support for separatism in Donbass did not presage a policy of reconquering Eastern Europe, as many in the West feared, but it clearly set Ukraine and other former Soviet republics off limits to any future NATO enlargement. The security buffer was back. If the use of force in Ukraine, from the Kremlin’s standpoint, was essentially defensive, Russia’s intervention in Syria in 2015 was a risky gambit to decide geopolitical outcomes in the Middle East — a famously treacherous area for outsiders vacated by the Soviet Union at the time of the Persian Gulf war of 1991. Since then, the results of the military operation ...
... negotiating table. Having said that, Macron’s logic perfectly fits the Trumpean world order in which no one relies on the West anymore.
Amongst those who longer rely on the West, and particularly the United States, is undoubtedly Turkey, still a member of NATO. The country disrespected international norms and laws and
initiated
active hostilities on the northern border of Syria. Turkey’s explicit violations were not shackled completely, but with the latest
engagement
of U.S. and Russia, they were temporarily stopped from escalating. Back in the day, Turkey would never act against American interests in the region. Still, now, since the situation has completely changed thanks to the U.S. new passive laissez-faire policy in international ...
Interconnectedness of Turkey with Europe and USA may be of good utility for Russian global foreign policy
With ongoing debates on Russian-made S-400 deliveries to Turkey, fate of continuing cooperation of Russia, Turkey and Iran in Syria and future of Ankara’s relations with the European Union and NATO, it is high time to make an honest review of Russian-Turkish relations, define weaknesses of bilateral cooperation and try to sketch a framework for a better future. Inspection of historical legacy and nature of current ties may be of big value for ...
... in which one of these countries would accept a role as second in command. For this reason, US plans to establish some form of NATO in the Middle East are doomed to failure. Eventually I don’t see any streamlined collective security system in the Middle East.
The main goal today is to end the conflict in Syria and embark on economic recovery there. Russia will not be able to do this single-handedly but from the viewpoint of the future this is very important. Syria has always ...
A series of Russian civil-military concepts can create great benefits for Europe, the Middle East ... ..., the three Baltic countries, former members of the Soviet Union, became members of NATO, an alliance directed against Russia. And contrary to their official status as... ... All these are secondary and solvable, issues, once the above hard-points are solved.
Syria
Andrey Kortunov:
Russia: the Power Broker in the Middle East?
If it is at all...
... were forced to respond to the growing security challenges there. However, insufficient communication between the two influential players on harmonizing their interests and creating joint approaches to regional security led to a crisis on the Turkish- Syrian border on 24 November 2015. This incident again called into question the level of relations between Russia and NATO member states. Together with a military coup attempt in Turkey in 2016, the so-called “jet crisis” had a special importance for the role of Turkey in NATO.
The crisis in Russia-Turkey bilateral relations has been resolved and relations are now ...
... Maintaining routes through which countries can talk frankly with each other — both at a political and operational level — is most important when their relations are at their worst.
Reliable communication channels between the military forces of Russia and NATO have also become more vital now that they are facing off against each other more frequently. The hot line between the US and Russia in Syria is a good example in this regard. The UK and Russia recently agreed to renew and improve their Incidents at Sea Agreement, and this might be used as a model for new ‘Incidents in the Air’ agreements to reduce the risks of dangerous manoeuvres ...
... Report
The U.S.-based Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and the Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) convened the latest in a series of expert... ... similar to that of the Obama administration, particularly when it comes to Ukraine and Syria, even though many American specialists see it as unpredictable and still evolving... ... Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) format or something else. Agreement that the NATO-Russia founding act remains in place and should continue to do so (although NATO...