... decision-making body that could adopt legally binding resolutions. Five nations (France, Russia, China, the UK, and US) were granted permanent status and given veto power. The... ... post-World War II. It changed the perception of war and had a revolutionary impact on international security. With their immense destructive power, nuclear weapons put human... ... evolved from the Coal and Steel Community to the European Community, and then to the European Union. Aspects of a European confederation—or a supernational sovereign state...
Report No. 99 / 2025
Report No. 99 / 2025
The following report focuses on the Middle Eastern policies of extra-regional actors and their transformation in changing conditions. It concentrates on studying the strategies pursued by Russia, the U.S., the EU, China and India in the Middle East. The report also examines how Middle Eastern countries perceive extra-regional actors as they aspire to build pragmatic and balanced relationships with external partners.
Extra-Regional Actors ...
Geopolitical stories by Dr. Katja Banik.
Many people do not realize how lucky we all are to be living in these times of change and upheaval – so, let’s make something of it!
„Schönheit ist überall ein gar willkommener Gast“ [1] (Goethe)
Russia with a reach: Peaceful grazing horses. Russia/Lithuania border near Rusnè.
(Summer 2023).
Multipolarity is a reality
One cycle comes to an end and a new cycle begins. The gravity of the world shifts, the old thinking, the old structures slowly ...
Europe is now returning to its position as the main source of danger for all of humanity. But it does not mean that we in Russia should fence ourselves off from our Western neighbours and not pay them any attention
Europe has always been a source ... ... big. First, the model of the socio-economic structure of most large European countries is in crisis. Britain, which left the European Union not so long ago, is no exception. The exhaustion of the possibilities for leading a parasitic existence in relation ...
Paradoxically, despite Britain’s exit from the European Union, she now finds herself playing a leading role in European security
Britain’s traditionally hostile attitude towards Russia—starting at least as early as 1791, when Prime Minister Pitt the Younger lambasted Russia for wishing to carve up the Ottoman Empire, continuing with the Crimean War and then the Great Game—has again come to the fore with the Ukrainian conflict....
... Ukraine as a political project owes its existence to America. Particularly resonant was the public reprimand delivered by the US President and Vice President to the Ukrainian leader in the Oval Office. Although the end of the military conflict with Russia remains uncertain, the events in the White House provide an opportunity to reflect on the results of the past three years and earlier stages of Ukraine’s post-Soviet history. These results can be framed as a balance of gains and losses.
Ivan ...
... indicate India’s desire to take a more proactive position in European affairs, or does it show how India’s policy of strategic autonomy has reached its limits following Modi’s warm reception in Moscow on June 8?
Alexey Kupriyanov:
New Agenda of Russia-India Relations
Growing Interest in Peace
Since early 2024, right up to Ukraine’s offensive in Kursk in early August of this year, Moscow had—or as some argue, still has—the upper hand in the situation in Ukraine. In turn, this weakened ...
... recent
visit
of Alliance Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg to Baku, Tbilisi and Yerevan showed, the movement in this direction has not stopped.
Second, while the focus of geopolitical confrontation between the West (the U.S. and its EU allies) and Russia has shifted from the Caucasus to the Middle East and Ukraine since 2014-2015, this region remains among the most turbulent in the post-Soviet space.
In the last four years alone, the status quo has changed twice in this part of Eurasia. As a result ...
... governorates of Raqqa, Al-Hasakah, and the northern parts of Deir ez-Zor are controlled by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), consisting mainly of Kurdish militias. Part of Idlib is occupied by the radical Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham movement (outlawed in the Russian Federation). A number of areas in Aleppo, Raqqa, Al-Hasakah and Idlib are under the de facto protectorate of Ankara, which was established as a result of Turkish military operations: “Euphrates Shield”, “Olive Branch” and “Source of ...
... science of international relations can be thought of as political economy under conditions of anarchy.
Ivan Timofeev:
War Between Russia and Ukraine: A Basic Scenario?
In this case, the question arises: what are the modern “currency” or “currencies” ... ... background of the United States and China, two other players stand out, whose “currency baskets” are more asymmetric. The European Union has a whole range of soft currencies. But in the segment of hard assets, the situation is contradictory. The EU ...
