... clear that the US administration also adheres to a very clear ideological line. It may also be criticised in Europe for using sanctions as an element of pressure. French President Emmanuel Macron, in particular, has
condemned
them.
Finally, the trade ... ... Beijing has demonstrated admirable tenacity in defending its interests and ultimately achieved compromise solutions. But the tariffs also hit the EU.
Executive Order 14257
imposed a new 10% tariff and an additional 20% tariff on EU countries. Strictly ...
... duties
on third countries purchasing
Russian oil and other raw materials.
But Russia is usually viewed as a “special case,” when all means are used against a political opponent.
Given such logic, it was difficult to expect that the transformation of tariffs into sanctions would hit Brazil in particular. US-Brazilian trade was clearly different for the better from the threats described by Trump in Executive Order 14257. In 2024, its surplus in favour of the United States amounted to $7.4 billion with an upward ...
...
Source: Compiled by the authors based on open data.
Russia and Iran will most likely be indirectly affected by the potential tariffs. Formally, Washington has imposed a 10% “basic” duty on all imports, but for Iranian food products, it is purely theoretical: ... ... banned since September 29, 2010, by OFAC (Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury) and their sanctions.
Considering that fertilizers are an important element of food security, in 2024, about 7% of Russia’s fertilizer ...
