The Three Phases of Jihadism
... Soviets in Afghanistan and the possibility for Sunni groups to contain Iranian influence at the time. It was effective against Russia in Afghanistan, but this phase was not very successful elsewhere and failed in Algeria, Chechnya, and Egypt. Phase one ... ... retaliation . Al Qaeda fails, but the movement lives on. Andrey Kortunov, Michel Duclos: Four Dreadful Scenarios for Tomorrow’s Syria and What We Can Do To Avoid Them The third phase of Jihadism is conducted under the initiative of two ideologues and tacticians ...