... have signed agreements with the AES countries in areas such as mining, industrial construction and others.
While Russia focuses primarily on food security (Moscow
shipped
50,000 tonnes of free grain to the Sahel in 2023) and developing the digital economy, China and Turkey are making inroads into energy production and mining precious and rare-earth metals. Moreover, Niger’s agreement to bring the extraction of these resources under the Confederation’s control reflects the trio’s willingness for deeper cooperation ...
... Arab Emirates not only produces energy resources but also actively invests in tourism and high technology. Once competitors, the countries have recently entered the path of peaceful coexistence, which had a positive impact on the inflow of capital to Turkey.
Attracting investment is a quite serious issue for the Turkish economy, which depends on foreign capital. Erdogan’s unpopular fiscal policy, which he had pursued until May 2023, and his refusal to join the sanctions on Russia led to a massive flight of European financing. Although the return to conventional methods ...
... in 2020, the balance of power—maintained for 26 years—underwent radical transformations. And this did not only concern a separate ethno-political conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. There was a quality change in the role of external forces. Turkey’s unprecedented involvement in the Azerbaijani military campaign to restore the latter’s territorial integrity was the first case of disturbing the status quo in the region, all that with a non-Soviet state and a NATO member involved. In September ...
... circumstances, political and economic trends in the Middle East require a degree of theoretical conceptualization. The authors of this report analyze the current political and economic trends in the region’s Arab countries and non-Arab states, including Iran, Turkey, and Israel. Additionally, the authors examine key foreign policy trends in Middle Eastern states.
Regional Trends in the Middle East: Political and Economic Dynamics
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... noting that the country became the greatest reseller of Russian gold in 2022. Russia’s gold exports to the Emirates in 2022 totaled 75.7 tons or $4.3 billion.
Another important factor shaping the Middle East’s approach to international relations is Turkey’s foreign policy. Particularly important, is Turkey’s position on Syria prior to the presidential elections in May 2023, and the new aspects it has now acquired following the victory of incumbent President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Judging by the ...
Report No. 41/2019
This report is the result of a collaborative study performed by the RIAC and the Center for Strategic Research (SAM) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey. SAM publishes academic journal “Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs” (Turkey), an English language journal on foreign affairs. The materials included in this report were initially published in a special issue of
PERCEPTIONS
. The ...
Since the 1990s, Russia–Turkey bilateral relations have, despite a number of contradictions, been of a generally progressive nature.
Cooperation between the two countries reached a qualitatively new level in 2002, when the Justice and Development Party (JDP) led by Recep Tayyip ...
... of hi-tech products. The Soviet collapse facilitated closer cooperation between Russia and Turkey in various economic areas, elevating bilateral ties to a qualitatively different level of development. Russia has become one of the largest investors in Turkey’s economy and one of Turkey’s key trading and economic partners. Cooperation has been expanding in many areas of foreign economic activity (scientific & technical and cultural ties, international tourism, foreign investment, and trade), in line with ...
In late June 2016, less than a year since the escalation of the Russia–Turkey conflict, Ankara and Moscow embarked upon a course towards rapprochement. Over the past two months, the leaders of Russia and Turkey have held three meetings, with the latest taking place on October 10, 2016. The results of the Istanbul meeting ...