... N. (2024). The U.S. secondary sanctions related to Russia: Empirical analysis.
Comparative Politics Russia
, 15(1), 95–114. (In Russian).
https://doi.org/10.46272/2221-3279-2024-1-15-95-114
; EDN: YWQECI
Xu, Zh., & Lin, F. (2021). The political economy of U.S. sanctions against China. In S. Davis & I. Ness (Eds.),
Sanctions as war: Anti-imperialist perspectives om American geo-economic strategy
(pp. 306–320). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004501201_019
Zamorin, V. A., & Splender,...
On September 18, 2025, the Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) and the Mexican Council on Foreign Relations (COMEXI) co-hosted a roundtable titled "Russia-Mexico Relations: A View from Moscow and Mexico City"
On September 18, 2025, the Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) and the Mexican Council on Foreign Relations (COMEXI) co-hosted a roundtable titled "Russia-Mexico Relations: A View from Moscow and Mexico City".
The event was opened with welcoming remarks...
... institutions—a move that effectively paralyzed Afghanistan's entire financial system. This action came after decades of U.S. economic dominance in Afghanistan, where foreign aid constituted 75% of the national budget during the
2001-2021 period
.
Unlike Iran's sanctions—which primarily affected its own economy—these measures against Afghanistan directly destroyed the country's governance capacity, banking infrastructure, and humanitarian lifelines, creating the precise conditions that forced
500,000
Afghans to seek refuge in Iran during 2021 alone....
... commitment to socialism based on a strong civilisational foundation and national interests) and increasingly tough competition in the economy and finance (China is pursuing industry, technology and finance in its own way). Such problems in relations between Brazil ... ... pursued a balanced line, avoiding a confrontational stance towards the West. And yet, Brazil is in the crosshairs of US economic sanctions.
The political reasons for declaring a state of emergency in Brazil are clearly spelled out in Trump's July 30 order....
... shaped the course of global events—and continue to do so today.
Types of Sanctions: An Overview of Instruments of Influence
Rainer Rothfuss, Yuri Kofner:
From Sanctions to Prosperity: How Normalizing Relations with Russia Would Boost Germany’s Economy
Sanctions represent a versatile tool of international politics and can be classified into numerous categories. These categories reflect the various goals and strategies pursued through the imposition of sanctions. The most important types of sanctions ...
The event was timed to coincide with the release of the RIAC working paper, "Russia's Trade with Latin America and the Caribbean: Current State and Prospects."
On June 17, 2025, the Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC), in partnership with the Center for Integration and Cooperation between Russia and Latin America (CICRAL), held a roundtable titled "Russia-Latin America Trade and Economic Relations: Moving Forward?". The event was timed to coincide with the release of...
... There is no need to chase impressive trade turnover figures, which do not always reflect the real dynamics of mutual trade. A much more pragmatic and rewarding approach is to strengthen Russia’s targeted presence in specific sectors of the Indonesian economy. This requires a systematic effort so that Moscow could secure certain niches for the long term, independent of the sanctions situation. There are several trade areas where Russia is already a strategically important player for Jakarta or has the potential to play a more significant role. Given the trade surplus (73% in favor of Russia) and Moscow’s interests, the ...
... pressure from the US on India and Indian companies to increase barriers and costs for trade with Russia
One of the goals of large-scale sanctions against Russia after the start of the special military operation (SMO) was the isolation of the Russian economy in terms of trade and financing. The task was partly accomplished: the sanctions significantly undermined domestic trade with Western countries. The export of dual-use goods, hundreds of industrial items and various "luxury goods" to Russia is prohibited. Key components of Western imports from Russia were also ...
... defence realignments. [
24
]
In contrast, the economic impact of Western sanctions on Germany is significant, with multiple studies highlighting varying degrees of GDP loss. Prior to 2022, the Ifo Institute for Economic Research estimated that current sanctions cost the German economy 0.16 percent of GDP annually. [
25
] Following the imposition of broader EU sanctions after February 2022, the FIW projected a further loss of 0.3 percent of GDP. In March 2022, researchers at the Kiel Institute for the World Economy assessed ...
The process of lifting sanctions will be slow, and the legal mechanisms of unilateral US sanctions against Syria may remain in force for years and decades, despite political changes
The change of power in Syria raises the question of possible changes to the US sanctions regime ...
