... Faso to Niger. Trade and economic cooperation are also expanding: since September 2023, several Russian private and state-owned companies have signed agreements with the AES countries in areas such as mining, industrial construction and others.
While Russia focuses primarily on food security (Moscow
shipped
50,000 tonnes of free grain to the Sahel in 2023) and developing the digital economy, China and Turkey are making inroads into energy production and mining precious and rare-earth metals. Moreover, Niger’s agreement to bring the extraction of these resources under the Confederation’s control reflects the trio’s willingness for deeper cooperation ...
... direction has not stopped.
Second, while the focus of geopolitical confrontation between the West (the U.S. and its EU allies) and Russia has shifted from the Caucasus to the Middle East and Ukraine since 2014-2015, this region remains among the most turbulent ... ... separate ethno-political conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. There was a quality change in the role of external forces. Turkey’s unprecedented involvement in the Azerbaijani military campaign to restore the latter’s territorial integrity was ...
... could have been prompted by changes in Iran’s relations with other countries, especially its evolving cooperation with China, Russia and Saudi Arabia. If any agreement has been reached (which is currently too early to judge), it would only boost Iran’s ... ... totaled 75.7 tons or $4.3 billion.
Another important factor shaping the Middle East’s approach to international relations is Turkey’s foreign policy. Particularly important, is Turkey’s position on Syria prior to the presidential elections in May ...
... study performed by the RIAC and the Center for Strategic Research (SAM) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey. SAM publishes academic journal “Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs” (Turkey), an English language journal ... ... materials included in this report were initially published in a special issue of
PERCEPTIONS
. The paper presents the views of Russian and Turkish experts in the field of International Relations on the relationship between the two sides with a focus on ...
Since the 1990s, Russia–Turkey bilateral relations have, despite a number of contradictions, been of a generally progressive nature.
Cooperation between the two countries reached a qualitatively new level in 2002, when the Justice and Development Party (JDP) led by Recep Tayyip ...
In late June 2016, less than a year since the escalation of the Russia–Turkey conflict, Ankara and Moscow embarked upon a course towards rapprochement. Over the past two months, the leaders of Russia and Turkey have held three meetings, with the latest taking place on October 10, 2016. The results of the Istanbul meeting ...