... conflict between Russia and the West. France was reduced to the position of America’s junior partner, although it itself has some nuclear weapons. Similarly, Japan and South Korea find themselves with foreign policy largely determined by Washington, often ... ... radical movements in Syria receive support from abroad, which has little effect on Russia’s relations with their sponsors. China at one time actively used radical Marxist movements in the countries of Southeast Asia and provided them with various assistance....
... relations with China are based, among other things, on conventional arms control in border areas (Shanghai and Moscow agreements), and the relevant control body recently met again in Astana. The Russian-Chinese mutual commitment not to be the first to use nuclear weapons against each other also plays a significant role.
Zhao Huasheng, Andrey Kortunov:
Prepare for the Worst and Strive for the Best. Russia’s and China’s Perceptions of Developments in International Security
There is also a Russian-Chinese agreement on notifications of launches of ballistic missiles and space launch vehicles. It is possible to use such mechanisms in the future to reduce regional ...
... continuation of this practice. China, for its part, intends to build up its nuclear arsenal rather than reduce it, probably with a view to achieving parity with the US and Russia in the long term. The Americans, who have officially identified Russia and China as the main threats to their security, are considering how to balance the combined nuclear potential of Moscow and Beijing. So there is no hope here.
The main problem, however, is not the quantity of nuclear weapons or even their presence per se, but the quality of relations between states. The world order is experiencing an acute systemic crisis. In the past, such crises inevitably led to wars. Now nuclear deterrence is working, albeit with some ...
... 24 hours, and 121 carriers or 1,139 charges within 30 days. Of particular significance are the U.S. plans to deploy tactical nuclear weapons, including medium-range missiles, which further increases their strike potential. In this context, the development ... ... defense system in the Asia Pacific calls global strategic stability into question, because it could be used against Russia and China. In 2018, the head of Russian diplomacy insistently
urged
Japan to enter into a dialogue about the U.S. plans to create ...
... polycentrism. The bipolar system of the Cold War period was based on mutual deterrence and the threat of mutually assured destruction. The split between the USSR and the People’s Republic of China in the late 1950s logically led to the emergence of China’s own nuclear weapons. The claims of Great Britain and France to the status of great powers in the post-WWII world also found its expression in their nuclear programs. India’s rise as a great power also has a nuclear dimension. With the exception of the two ...
... powers to resurrect the JCPOA agreement with Iran or to keep the North Korea’s nuclear and ballistic ambitions at bay. The US-China last year mini-détente remains very fragile and might turn into another cycle of escalating tensions. The global economy ... ... ongoing Russia-Ukraine armed conflict millions of soldiers have been fighting for two years, using almost all heavy weapons except nuclear weapons such as airplanes, tanks, artillery, warships, missiles, etc., and the U.S. and the NATO countries are already ...
... members, or signatories, to the Treaty, including all major space-faring nations.
The document not only bans the deployment of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction in space, but also prohibits the establishment of military bases, testing ... ... military space forces, or the placement of conventional weapons in space. Since 1967 many countries, including the US, Russia, China and India have conducted a variety of unhindered tests of anti-satellite weapons prototypes. So far, the most visible impact ...
... building nuclear ties with both Moscow and Washington.
Islamabad’s nuclear program is traditionally alleged to be backed by China. Pakistan has been set to overcome New Delhi’s demographic superiority by “eating grass” to create its A-bomb [
iv
... .... In other words, one can witness a particular asymmetry within the subregion: Pakistan has obtained low-yield non-strategic nuclear weapons to
balance
out New Delhi’s larger conventional army.
Even more dangerous is that nuclear clashes may take place ...
... international community. Despite many gloomy predictions, over the last half a century the proliferation process was quite slow: on top of the five recognized nuclear states only three other nations (India, Pakistan and North Korea) have openly tested nuclear weapons, and another one (Israel) has kept a deliberate ambiguity on its nuclear status.
However, this positive track record gives no reasons to be complacent about the future. The last NPT Review Conference (August 2022) revealed an evident lack ...
... postponed for a long time, but in connection with the exacerbating tensions with China and its decision to achieve strategic parity with the United States, the U.S. response should soon be expected.
The element of confrontation between the U.S. and China, the decision made by the UK to increase the number of deployed nuclear weapons of its own, as well as the aggravation of relations between Russia and the United States, together with the dialogue on strategic stability put on hold, usher in a new stage in the nuclear arms race in the world. Perhaps, this stressful ...
