Search for Turkey’s new identity and foreign policy

... ruling circles and in collective consciousness, which is inconsistent with the basic concept of Islam, according to which the “national” factor does not play a defining role. However, throughout the period of the existence of the Republic of Turkey, nationalism was the foundation of the ideology of the Turkish Republic. This duality of political consciousness generated, on the one hand, periodic returns to the Pan-Turkism ideology (the idea of unification of all Turkic peoples in a great state called ...