... of the elites cannot completely ensure that there is no trouble. In the same way, it would be somewhat arrogant for Russia to think that the loyalty of the ruling regimes is a complete guarantee that threats will not come from these territories.
Now Russia’s strategy in the southern part of the former USSR is evolving, and this process is increasingly determined by the internal demand to achieve the main goals of security and development. Under these conditions, the basic patterns and ideas that have determined our policy in these regions for a long ...
... the scale and ramifications of allied relations. Their ability to pursue a foreign policy based on medium and small powers is negligible, despite the fact that Moscow, unlike Beijing, has formal allied relations with several countries of the former USSR. Among them, only Belarus is a reliable ally of Russia amid the current military-political conflict with the West, which is confirmed by the significant number of economic, political and military deterrence measures that the United States and its European allies have directed against that state. The ...
... at various stages of realization. During the first year, 58 U.S. scientists, university professors, and students visited the USSR, and 54 of their Soviet counterparts visited the United States. In the first half of 1959, there was also a steady positive ... ... serve as just another evidence. Happy anniversary, fellow scientists! Take care.
This study was financed from the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 18-78-10123-P);
https://rscf.ru/project/18-78-10123/
;
https://rscf.ru/project/21-78-03019/
...
... Cuba, even the northern regions of Mexico bordering America would seem like a paradise. But this is precisely what became the basis for the survival of Cuban sovereignty and its ability to resolve basic problems, even after the loss of support from the USSR or Russia. Now Russia is returning to the world stage and it has something to offer Cuba.
However, it would be wrong to expect from these countries the desire to recreate the atmosphere of the Cold War in full. Mutual interest is objective, and in the case ...
... had slowly been brewing for several decades and finally fermented by the mid-1980s. The beginnings of a market economy and democracy gave the corrupt elites a chance to privatize their power and privileges. They became the main beneficiaries of the USSR’s disintegration.
Gorbachev happened to be at the worst crossroads of challenges and threats in the process of historical change in Russia. Unlike Tsar Nicholas II, who was afraid of political reform, who clung to old ways and was estranged from people, and who became entangled in unfortunate wars, Gorbachev initiated reforms himself and was unprecedentedly close to the people. He ...
... “Order”. These decisions include forcing Russia to start hostilities, promote Russia to continue them, and delay the operation as much as possible by shipping military supplies to Ukraine (to have Russia bleed out).
2
. Listed as a foreign agent in Russia.
3
. Gradually after the end of the "Red Terror" in the USSR,
a system of political censorship
was established. This continued, however, by other methods - an earlier started business. Some of its tasks included preliminary and subsequent control over all types of printed and broadcasting works; control over ...
... time, practically all the countries of the Middle East and North Africa, the former possessions of the Austrian, German and Russian empires in Eastern Europe and the Balkans, arose. The only exception was Iran, which has maintained its tradition of statehood ... ... decades and, after the Second World War, actually lost their sovereignty in favour of one of the superpowers — mainly the USSR.
The second wave of sovereignty is associated with the collapse of the world colonial empires, whose metropolises are located ...
... United States to the forefront, which made it possible to make politics truly global. As a result of the self-destruction of the USSR, this order turned out to be short-lived. We see now that this was a great tragedy, since it led to the disappearance of ... ... objective process of the growth in the importance of China and, following it, other large Asian countries. The determination Russia has shown in recent years, and especially months, is also associated with global changes. The fact that Moscow so purposefully ...
... East, and Turkey in the South. In this competition Moscow was gradually losing ground, which contributed to growing sentiments of isolation and insecurity.
What are the main tools that Moscow used to promote its influence in the territory of the former USSR over the last three decades? First, Russia positioned itself as the main (and even the only) guarantor of national security of the post-Soviet states. The attitude toward attempts of any external players to expand their military or political influence in this territory, including proposals ...
In a few decades, or sooner, Moscow will have to take on an even greater responsibility, which Russia got rid of in 1991
It is unlikely that Moscow would simply observe the processes taking place on its immediate periphery. The real challenge may be that in a few decades, or sooner, Moscow will have to take on an even greater responsibility, ...