... Japan). These measures caused serious damage to Iran and were among the factors for signing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015 and adopting UN Security Council Resolution 2231. However, in 2018, the US unilaterally withdrew from the JCPOA, while maintaining the extraterritorial nature of its sanctions. In other words, while in the case of North Korea unilateral US measures coexisted with the UN sanctions regime, large-scale unilateral and extraterritorial sanctions against Iran were imposed by the Americans and no one else. At the same time, the volume and political consequences of the ...
... the next administration would not revert to the policy of sanctions. The US retains a powerful tool for inflicting economic damage on the target country with fewer opportunities to use it for achieving diplomatic goals.
Second, the breakdown of the JCPOA undermines non-proliferation efforts. North Korea is a case in point proving that while failing to remove sanctions, possessing nuclear weapons provides some leverage in negotiations. At the same time, giving up nuclear weapons leads to the re-imposition of sanctions under new pretexts.
Third,...
... warheads Beijing has, which generates various speculations on the topic.
Richard Weitz
did not express optimism about the issue of arms reduction in the next few years. As for non-proliferation, trilateral cooperation can take place, for example, on North Korea issue. Also, the parties may cooperate on a nuclear deal with Iran - the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) expires in a few years, so they will have to decide on further actions. The most effective is the cooperation of the three countries in preventing the entry of nuclear materials into the hands of terrorists by reducing the volume of such material,...