...
Burevestnik
nuclear-powered cruise missile and the
Poseidon
nuclear-powered torpedo, as well as the planned deployment of the new
Sarmat
ICBM. Meanwhile, the U.S. was given an ambiguous
directive
from Donald Trump on October 30 “to start testing our Nuclear Weapons on an equal basis.” Yet despite the scale of both the exercises and the announcements, these developments amount to little more than routine measures aimed at maintaining nuclear deterrence.
Since Ukraine launched its first major counteroffensives ...
... taboo and a political and moral threshold that cannot be crossed. Any country using nuclear weapons will be opposed by the entire international community.
After World War... ... conflicts between monarchies, families, religions, states, and great powers. For thousands of years, wars have been occurring continuously and without interruption. The... ... example in European history. It has also indirectly had an important positive impact on international security. The two World Wars of the twentieth century were caused by the...
... defence spending and invest in arms manufacturing and infrastructure in the foreseeable future.
Any attempt to assess the role of nuclear weapons in a present-day armed conflict stumbles upon the fact that the experience in using them in combat is virtually ... ... designation as aggressor and consequent international isolation. The latter, while slightly reducing political costs, still permits accusations that Moscow violated the nuclear taboo first. However, apart from politics, other things are equally important. Both ...
... redoubled its efforts to maintain a balance of power in the missile and nuclear sphere. While adhering to existing international obligations, the country made notable strides in developing advanced missile systems. Yet, the regime governing missile and nuclear weapons continued to deteriorate. In 2019, the Trump administration initiated the withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. The INF crisis was preceded by years of mutual accusations, fuelled by new technological realities, the collapse of other arms control mechanisms (including the ABM Treaty), suspicions of new system developments, and the presence of such systems in third countries, notably China. During Trump’s first ...
... and abroad has focused on an unprecedented debate within Russian expert and political circles regarding the possible use of nuclear weapons in the context of the armed conflict in Ukraine. In 2024, this debate centered on amendments to Russia’s official ... ... Huasheng, Andrey Kortunov:
Prepare for the Worst and Strive for the Best. Russia’s and China’s Perceptions of Developments in International Security
The concept of strategic stability has many different interpretations, with some broadening it to include ...
... they could be used against the Saracens. After all, following the successful First Crusade of 1096–1099, skirmishes with Muslims continued in Palestine and plans for a... ... defense system with space-based components (“Star Wars”), which aimed to render nuclear weapons “impotent and obsolete”. This proposal translated into a massive... ... Worst and Strive for the Best. Russia’s and China’s Perceptions of Developments in International Security
Innovative systems and disruptive technologies
At the short-lived...
... essence of “extended deterrence” is changing: “nuclear umbrellas” are being replaced by supporting the possible use of nuclear weapons by non-nuclear forces. This trend is particularly evident in the interaction between Washington and Seoul, which ... ... Huasheng, Andrey Kortunov:
Prepare for the Worst and Strive for the Best. Russia’s and China’s Perceptions of Developments in International Security
There is also a Russian-Chinese agreement on notifications of launches of ballistic missiles and space ...
... experiments suggested the U.S. would win the war or achieve a most favorable settlement of the conflict in case of their refusal to destroy cities [
2
].
In the time of President Richard Nixon, the U.S. military initiated a new response strategy aimed ... ... 24 hours, and 121 carriers or 1,139 charges within 30 days. Of particular significance are the U.S. plans to deploy tactical nuclear weapons, including medium-range missiles, which further increases their strike potential. In this context, the development ...
..., like all wars it has caused enormous suffering on both sides, with hundreds of thousands of military personnel and civilians killed and wounded, cities and houses reduced... ... that the two sides had very different perceptions about very fundamental dimensions of international security and global governance.
In the West, they assumed that the future... ... consequences of a nuclear war, which was also recognized by Khrushchev himself. Now, since nuclear weapons have not been used for nearly 80 years since Hiroshima-Nagasaki at the...
... interest in the already not so new, but still exciting, topic of "star wars." Indeed, the potential deployment of nuclear weapons in space could lead to a significant shift in the global balance of military power. Disabling an adversary's satellites ... ... of us depend on satellites more and more. Today, they are widely used by both public and private sectors, and every year thousands of satellites arrive in already crowded orbits. To blind even a few of them—for example, with high-precision laser beams—would ...
