... Russia’s gold exports to the Emirates in 2022 totaled 75.7 tons or $4.3 billion.
Another important factor shaping the Middle East’s approach to international relations is Turkey’s foreign policy. Particularly important, is Turkey’s position on Syria prior to the presidential elections in May 2023, and the new aspects it has now acquired following the victory of incumbent President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Judging by the leadership’s recent steps, Turkey wants to maintain continuity with its ...
... balanced relations based on principles like the respecting sovereignty and non-interference of world powers (not only Russia, but also the United States, and China), as well as regional players.
Ivan Bocharov:
In the Grips of the Army: The Egyptian Economy
From the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to the situation in Libya, Russia and Egypt share similar positions on many issues on the region’s agenda. It is also important that Egypt favors restoring Syria's sovereignty over all its territories, although Cairo has not restored diplomatic relations with Damascus yet.
Cooperation between Russia and Egypt in the energy sector deserves special attention. In 2015, Gazprom and Egyptian company EGAS signed ...
... coupled with the decentralization of state power and the development of local self-government, may be key in resolving the Syrian crisis. Economic reintegration may prove to be a catalyst for the peace process. This working paper presents a political economy model for the settlement of the situation in Syria. The author explores the positions of Russia, Iran and China in Syria and their points of interaction. Possible scenarios for the development of the situation in Syria are analysed in detail, as are the modalities of the impact of the Ukraine crisis ...
... Senior Researcher at the Center for Arab and Islamic Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the RAS
On May 12, 2022, there was a presentation of the book dedicated to the modern economic legislation of the Arab countries on the example of Syria. The event was held at the State Historic Public Library of Russia (SHPL). The book was presented by Igor Matveev, the author of the book, Senior Researcher at the Center for Arab and Islamic Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the RAS....
... economic aid to Damascus
The ninth year of internal armed conflict has brought new challenges to Syria. According to
data from the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
published on September 23, 2020, the damage done to the Syrian economy by the end of 2019 exceeded USD 442 bn. Still, under sanctions and with no international consensus on how to finance recovery, the country has not only failed to overcome the acute economic crisis but has also been hit by the negative consequences ...
... Syria, moot.
The potential of Abkhazia and Crimea, which have already been hit by sanctions, to act as intermediaries is objectively increasing. For instance, the
Agreement between the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea and the Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade of the Syrian Arab Republic on Trade and Economic Cooperation as part of plans to create a joint trading house to export grain and industrial products to Syria with payments to be made in roubles, and the
Agreement on Cooperation between the Government of the ...
... military pressure on Iran, secure supplies can only be provided with the liberation of oil fields in the east or the replacement of Iranian oil with Russian oil. In the meantime, Russian companies are also threatened by the US’ secondary sanctions.
The Syrian economy took a big hit by the financial crisis in Lebanon, whose banking sector had always opened a window to the outside world for Syria. About a quarter of deposits in Lebanese banks belong to Syrian business, including government-related companies....
Report No. 41/2019
This report is the result of a collaborative study performed by the RIAC and the Center for Strategic Research (SAM) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey. SAM publishes academic journal “Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs” (Turkey), an English language journal on foreign affairs. The materials included in this report were initially published in a special issue of
PERCEPTIONS
. The paper presents the views of Russian and Turkish experts in the...
... ships transporting Iranian petroleum under the sanctions.
The challenge is further aggravated by the sanctions that Russia itself faces and even more so
those that Iran
has come to experience. All of this contributes to the continuing crippling of the Syrian economy.
Against this background, Russia could step up as an oil supplier to Syria, yet its companies, including state-owned corporations, observe the sanctions’ regime and feel reluctant risking any violations for the sake of Syria. The associated ...
... community. Moscow also believes that Al-Assad will not cooperate with Europe until at least some sanctions are lifted. Russians and Europeans have to engage in a more specific discussion about the impact of international sanctions on various sectors of the Syrian economy, the political dynamics in Damascus, and what the notion of “smart sanctions” might mean in the case of Syria.
Fifth. Europe does not want to extend international recognition or legitimation to the Al-Assad regime. For many in Europe, Syria ...
