... Sanctions as a Political Signal
For example, the eighteenth package of sanctions included legal entities in third countries that, according to EU authorities, are involved in the transportation of Russian oil. These include Bellatrix Energy and Zhu Jiang (China), the Intershipping Services (India and the UAE), Twister Shipmanagement (UAE), Admiral Group (UAE), Milavous Group (UAE), 2 Rivers PTE (UAE, including its Singapore branch), Monolink, Tarabya, Aqua Ship Management (Azerbaijan), as well as Redbird ...
... the UN Security Council, key decision-making body that could adopt legally binding resolutions. Five nations (France, Russia, China, the UK, and US) were granted permanent status and given veto power. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), separate ... ... imperial rule. The integration of Europe evolved from the Coal and Steel Community to the European Community, and then to the European Union. Aspects of a European confederation—or a supernational sovereign state such as a European Federation—appeared ...
... majority. They will still have to be spoken to on equal terms, even taking into account the US leadership in many areas.
The European Union retains decent financial, industrial, infrastructural and human capabilities. But their conversion into political ... ... well as European security, are more sensitive for the domestic audience, including in the context of the turn to the right.
China has gained colossal potential, but is in no hurry to actively use it outside the zone of its immediate interests. Its role ...
... industrial and consumer goods, as well as the largest market for Russian energy and other raw materials. At the same time, external political factors may have a growing influence on Russian-Chinese economic relations. These include the trade war between China and the United States, a possible escalation of US sanctions against Russia, and the expansion of secondary sanctions by the European Union against Chinese companies.
Russian-Chinese Dialogue: The 2024 Model. RIAC Report
The trade war, in the form of increased import duties on imported goods, has become one of the calling cards of Donald Trump's second term in office. The ...
... No. 99 / 2025
Report No. 99 / 2025
The following report focuses on the Middle Eastern policies of extra-regional actors and their transformation in changing conditions. It concentrates on studying the strategies pursued by Russia, the U.S., the EU, China and India in the Middle East. The report also examines how Middle Eastern countries perceive extra-regional actors as they aspire to build pragmatic and balanced relationships with external partners.
Extra-Regional Actors in the Middle East
, 1....
... world order after all. One thing is certain, Trump is not a wise, far-sighted strategist. And yet, he is not only bringing movement to the Ukraine conflict, he is also shaking up entrenched structures and beliefs.
The massive tariff dispute between China and the US has at least brought both parties to bilateral talks. Perhaps that is Trump's intention. What is certain, however, is that a complete decoupling from China is unrealistic. The country is too closely integrated into the global production ...
... and guardian of multilateralism, is increasingly operating not as a strategic actor, but as an arena where the interests of external players are clashing and exerting considerable pressure on the Union. This pressure comes above all from the U.S. and China, and is further exacerbated by the internal problems of the European “Standort”. In the current context, there are three possible scenarios for European Union and its development trajectories in the short and medium term.
Scenario 1: Transatlantic Mobilization
Assuming the continuation of external pressure, the EU, Germany and France—firstly—will finally decide to go forward with institutional ...
... Svetlana Gavrilova, RIAC Director of Programs, moderated the session.
During the first session, the presentation of the RIAC report, “Extra-Regional actors in the Middle East”, was held. The experts discussed regional strategies of Russia, USA, EU, China and India. Speakers in this session were the report authors: Alexander Aksenenok, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation, RIAC Vice-President; Alexander Lomanov, Acting Deputy Director for Scientific Work of the Primakov ...
... technologies (digital infrastructure, semiconductors, AI, green economy) and diversification of supply chains to limit the current overwhelming EU dependence on US trading partners.
To achieve both goals, the EU would need stronger economic ties with China. The convergence of interests between the two major economic powerhouses on the opposite sides of the vast Eurasian landmass is evident. In many ways, Brussels and Beijing face similar challenges coming from Washington. Both the EU and China have ...
... AI guidelines to any binding regulations, with the noteworthy exception of the restrictions on hi-tech cooperation with China.
The outcome of the Paris Summit suggests that the real line of demarcation in the AI universe runs not between the US and China, but rather between the Anglo-Saxon world and all the other international actors, including the European Union. In the vast AI space, clashes of interest between Washington and Brussels turn out to be no less significant than disagreements between Washington and Beijing.
Anatasia Tolstukhina:
US Technology Policy amid Rivalry with China
Most European ...
