... signed. This treaty would have bound them to a collective security effort. The “Eastern NATO” promotes a multilevel security architecture based on joint military exercises, supplies of modern weapons and equipment of military bases. However, the CSTO has been criticized throughout the years for having missed some opportunities of intervention, like during the 2010 Osh protests in Kyrgyzstan. Member states have, in fact, been reluctant to intervene in ethnic or internal conflicts.
Furthermore,...
... intense cooperation between the affected states. However, the anti-drug potential of regional organisations such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Sino-Russian led security alliance, or the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO), is not fully exploited and is limited in terms of capacity and political will.
Russia has been promoting collective security with its Central Asian neighbours through the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
. Created in 2001 and composed of eight ...
... Russia is portrayed as perhaps the biggest cyber threat. The Russia-West divide in the digital sphere strengthens extremists’ positions.
Igor Ivanov, Sam Nunn, Desmond Browne, Wolfgang Ischinger:
Ensuring Euro-Atlantic Security
Fifth, NATO and the CSTO as two military alliances are ill-suited for countering new methods of extremist activity. This especially applies to NATO, which has still largely preserved its makeup from the Cold War era. The CSTO, with its focus on the Central Asian vector, ...
