... confrontation with Moscow with the prospect of a nuclear escalation deterred the West from openly intervening in the conflict.
The state of affairs in other areas was quite different. In the mid- 1990s, Russia abandoned a one-sided orientation towards the West. While maintaining a full-fledged political dialogue, Moscow began strengthening its ties with various players across Eurasia and went to great lengths to promote interaction within the Russia-India-China triangle, which later became the backbone of BRICS+. The territorial dispute with China was settled, and a new Russian-Chinese treaty was signed. One of the world’s longest borders underwent sweeping demilitarisation. China became a key trading partner. Russia rapidly restored key areas of cooperation ...
... development, health, and food security, for the entire population of the affected states, disproportionately affecting the poor and vulnerable, deepening the digital divide, and exacerbating environmental problems.
It is specifically emphasised that BRICS states will not impose or support sanctions that are not approved by the UN Security Council and that are contrary to international law, thereby precluding the possibility of enforcing “secondary” Western sanctions. The UN General Assembly regularly adopts decisions condemning UCMs, reflecting the will of a broad coalition of states.
The resolution “Human Rights and Unilateral Coercive Measures” was adopted on December 17, 2024 [
1
]
The UN ...
... capitalist democracy and global cooperation. However, behind this persuasive rhetoric is a system which has been viewed by many non-western countries as a geopolitical instrument to advance US interest and stifle other rising powers, especially China, in the ... ... is no longer its chief architect.
Igbal Guliyev, Maria Ginzburg:
The Impact of Trump’s Tariff Policy on Food Security for BRICS States
The rules-based international order is actually a rebranding of the Liberal International Order (LIO) that originated ...
...
“global majority.”
Many states do not want to submit to anyone else’s political logic. They follow their own calculations of interest and expediency.
From rejection to attraction
Structures once mocked in the West as artificial, jealous imitations of Western clubs – BRICS and the SCO foremost among them – are now becoming indispensable. They are no longer simply ideological counters to hegemony, but practical platforms. This explains efforts to expand the BRICS New Development Bank and to set up an SCO Development ...
... each other on the overall work of the association.”
Russia maintains the view that the main priority of BRICS development is to use it as an instrument of the global world order, to “score points” in the common cause of weakening the dominance of Western states. Mr. Lavrov
describes
BRICS as one of the pillars of the multipolar world, a guide for the interests of the global majority in the international arena, emphasizing that they “are forming mechanisms for conducting foreign trade operations that are independent of the West,...
... emergence of BRICS reflects the ongoing changes in the modern international system. Over time, our shared world is getting more and more diverse. We have to work with each other, even when we cannot agree on every single point of the global agenda. BRICS, along with SCO, ASEAN and other non-Western multilateral bodies, is an attempt to define rules of engagement within this increasingly diverse and complex international environment.
The future belongs to new flexible, inclusive mechanisms rather than to old, rigid hierarchical blocks. As ...
..., through active participation and leadership to promote global development. Brics clearly represents the interests of the global South and developing countries, but is clearly not an anti-Western alliance and it does not seek to erode or to destroy Western institutions—the BRICS leaders were very careful in the exact working of the Kazan Declaration. BRICS does not even intend to ‘balance’ the West in one way or another. It will never become a match to G7, given the group’s diversity and the absence of a hegemonic ...
... players. They are also devising and implementing policies like CHIPS and the Science Act to curtail opportunities for Southern countries and companies. These practices are against the spirit of globalisation, free markets, openness, and the WTO, but Western states insist on continuing them.
Andrey Kortunov:
BRICS Can Transform from an International Club into a Global Lab
In response to rising pro-multipolar sentiments, the US and its allies have accelerated their efforts to penalise countries that do not follow their agenda. For example, Pakistan has recently ...
... European Union should stop being a source of new norms, patterns and specific elements of the future world order. However, the West and the West-dominated multilateral institutions should not remain the only source of new norms for the entire world. BRICS, together with SCO, BRI, ASEAN and other non-Western groupings and initiatives, should take the stage and become part of the cast rather than remaining in the gallery, merely observing the transformation of the international system unfolding before their eyes.
Transforming BRICS from a global club ...
... the effect of the group's activities was very insignificant. At the same time, now that the G20 has almost completely lost its meaning, it is still used by large developing countries as a way to increase their international presence. In the case of BRICS, for the first time, Western countries did not initiate or lead the process. In fact, the achievement is absolutely fantastic, given that the entire international architecture, starting with the UN, is today a product of the foreign policy decisions of the US and Western ...
