... of Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi is making threatening statements, PMCs (which the West believes to have arrived from Russia) remain the only buffer keeping the GNA’s forces from capturing Sirte and Jufra on the route to Tobruk and Benghazi. Russia–Turkey consultations are preventing the GNA from launching an offensive against these key areas. Second, Moscow had never banked on the field marshal as the unconditional winner in the civil war. Moreover, Haftar was not Russia’s only point of contact even within the East Libyan camp. In ...
... forward a unified Libyan strategy is a clear failure. There is also a crisis of solidarity within NATO, whose claims to a regional presence and a guarantor of regional security once again collapse in the face of internal discord.
The successes of the GNA and Turkey that pushed Khalifa Haftar back from Tripoli in May–June 2020 did not change the settlement process for the better, despite the ceasefire initiative tabled by Cairo. Like many initiatives before it, Cairo’s proposal is a forced step, a response ...
... troops present in Libya are going along with the GNA to achieve common goals.
Ankara and Tripoli's political and military-technical cooperation intensified after the signing of a memorandum of understanding in November 2019. The agreement between the GNA and Turkey defined the boundaries of Turkey's exclusive economic zone in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, where there are large deposits of natural gas. Besides, the agreement implied the intensification of military cooperation. The Russian Foreign ...
... though the regional level largely remains determinant, over the last months global players also got involved. For a long time at the regional level, the participation of the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Egypt on the side of Haftar, as well as support from Turkey and Qatar for al-Sarraj's GNA, explained the entire dynamic of the conflict. Moreover, within the framework of Haftar’s latest offensive on Tripoli, regional actors openly engaged in hostilities. However, the game changer in this situation was Turkey, which was
ready
to spend ...
... into a battlefield and Faultline between two antagonistic camps of the Islamic world. Heading up the first of these camps are Turkey and Qatar, which continue to rely on forces that adhere to the ideology of political Islam, are close to the Muslim Brotherhood ... ... Russia’s priorities and interests in Libya differently, and on some issues have opposite positions. On top of this, the signals coming from the Kremlin itself about which line to take in regard to Libya are not clear enough. The Russian approach to ...
