... greatest of these changes is the China-mediated rapprochement between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Given that these countries are regional “centers of power”, their new and improved relations may help reduce regional ... ... East’s approach to international relations is Turkey’s foreign policy. Particularly important, is Turkey’s position on Syria prior to the presidential elections in May 2023, and the new aspects it has now acquired following the victory of incumbent ...
... coupled with the decentralization of state power and the development of local self-government, may be key in resolving the Syrian crisis. Economic reintegration may prove to be a catalyst for the peace process. This working paper presents a political economy model for the settlement of the situation in Syria. The author explores the positions of Russia, Iran and China in Syria and their points of interaction. Possible scenarios for the development of the situation in Syria are analysed in detail, as are the modalities of the impact of the Ukraine crisis on the configuration of external actors of the ...
... an algorithm for providing economic aid to Damascus
The ninth year of internal armed conflict has brought new challenges to Syria. According to
data from the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
published on September 23, 2020, the damage done to the Syrian economy by the end of 2019 exceeded USD 442 bn. Still, under sanctions and with no international consensus on how to finance recovery,... ... retroactively a voluntary sum of
134,523 U.S. dollars
for supplying goods and services to Syria (as well as to the sanctioned Iran and Crimea) for the period from November 5, 2011, to October 18, 2018.
In seemingly friendly Lebanon, which is in dire need ...
... jointly develop the phosphate fields
in Palmyra, which was liberated from ISIL by pro-Iranian units.
New sanctions will most likely postpone China’s involvement in the... ...
invest in the Tripoli port
in order to transform it into a “hub” for entry into Syria, moot.
The potential of Abkhazia and Crimea, which have already been hit by sanctions... ...
Agreement between the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea and the Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade of the Syrian Arab Republic on Trade and Economic Cooperation...
... of return loses political power and influence internally, regionally and internationally.
After Jordan closed its border with Syria, Jordan faced a real threat with the rising unemployment rate and international pressure on the government and the people ... ... especially among the youth, which currently has an estimated unem-ployment rate of 40%.
Andrey Kortunov, Michel Duclos:
Helping Iran to Make the Right Choice
The
World Bank
and
International Monetary
Fund have demanded and exerted pressures on Jordan to ...