The Three Phases of Jihadism
... scientist and Arabist, specialized in contemporary issues of the Middle East and Muslims in the West. He is a professor and director of the Middle East and Mediterranean ... ... an author of 20 books. His latest book , “Beyond Chaos: The Crisis in the Mediterranean and the Middle East,” is an analysis ... ... 1997, was centered around both a jihad against the Soviets in Afghanistan and the possibility for Sunni groups to contain Iranian influence at the time. It was effective against Russia in Afghanistan, but this phase was not very successful elsewhere ...
08.05.2019