... trade between Turkmenistan and Iran
keep growing
.
Iran, for its part, is also interested in maintaining constructive relations with its neighbor, given that the two nations share the longest land border and access to the Caspian Sea. Furthermore, Turkmenistan is Iran’s closest overland entry point to Central Asia, Russia and China. Turkmenistan emphasizes its neutrality, not joining any international associations and trying not to take sides in regional conflicts. In the energy sector, Turkmenistan and Iran participate in swap deliveries of Turkmen natural gas ...
For most of Russia’s neighbours, the conflict between Moscow and Kiev opens up great opportunities
... ... “alternate airfields” in neighbouring countries, business may well return to Russia.
Turkmenistan is likely to benefit tangibly from rising gas prices. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan... ... also inevitably affect economic growth.
Finally, two other neighbouring countries, Iran and North Korea, should be mentioned. Tehran has a unique window of opportunity...
Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and Turkmenistan met recently to sign the convention on the legal status of the resource-rich Caspian Sea, a document more than two decades in the making. Meeting in the Kazakh coastal town of Aktau in mid-August, the leaders of the five nations hailed the ...
... instability, as well as its limited financial resources, remain a deterrent.
Maria Chepurina, Mathieu Lemonie:
“The TAPI project: Turkmenistan’s bet in pipeline geopolitics”
The weakest link of the IP Gas and TAPI projects are Pakistan’s guarantees of ... ... two countries might undermine the prospects for energy cooperation. In this sense, the idea to lay an offshore pipeline from Iran to India could be a compromise for all the parties involved. The plan to lay the pipeline has been under discussion since the summer of 2017, with Russia and Iran being its most active proponents. In the days leading up to the June summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ...
... Indo-European linguistic family. Throughout its independence, Kazakhstan has become Iran's largest trading partner in the region, with the swap-based system of oil supplies
[2]
. Ties with Turkmenistan are stable and dynamic.
Experts estimate
that, in 2012, Iran was Turkmenistan’s third largest trading partner (after China and Russia).
Cooperation with Iran in the gas sector is particularly important to Turkmenistan. In 1997, the Korpeje–Kordkuy natural gas pipeline was built, with a capacity of 8 billion cubic meters per year, and in 2010 the Dovletabad-Sarahs-Hangeran ...
... positive moves towards resolving the Caspian problems. On 18 November 2010, for example, an agreement on cooperation in the field of security in the Caspian Sea was signed by the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Azerbaijan Republic, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan. Within the framework of this agreement the different sides agreed to cooperate in fighting terrorism, organised crime, the illegal movement of weapons of any kind and of ammunition, explosives and toxic substances and military equipment,...
... creating a mechanism for imposing a moratorium on catching sturgeon.
According to official statements, the negotiations only made headway on environmental issues (such as conserving the sturgeon population). In addition, the “Caspian Five” (Russia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan) reaffirmed the principle of Caspian states’ non-interference in regional affairs.
As far as I can gather, no progress has been achieved on the main problem, i.e. agreeing spheres of influence. And without that, signing ...
