Working Paper No. 63
Working Paper No. 63
Cooperation in the energy sector is one of the most important facets of Russian foreign policy. Interaction in this area helps to develop mutually beneficial trade relations and ensure the energy security of Russia and its partners. Energy cooperation between Russia and Turkey has been comprehensive and strategic in recent years. This working paper contains an analysis of the current state and prospects of this cooperation. It examines in detail the role...
... winter.
Since the mid-2000s, coal prices have been determined by market mechanisms. Both crises (in 2011 and in 2021) occurred amid growing coal prices. Typically, September is not the time for surged coal consumption and coal prices—yet, in 2021, coal futures and spot prices increased severalfold in China, with coal prices generally growing on the global market and amid high demand and falling supplies. Back in June 2021, energy coal futures were traded at approximately CNY 800 per ton; on October 19, ...
... continued to grow later in September. This growing demand drove up the prices, seeing them double over mere four months to reach a
never-before-seen
$185/t.
Although it might seem to be a temporary surge doomed to crash, the annual average Rotterdam Coal Futures for 2022 (also called API2) fluctuates in the range of $130–140/t. We can thus expect prices to remain high—and not just for a one month. Besides, coal remains competitive as compared to gas, although its use entails higher carbon costs (carbon ...
