... pay its debt for the natural gas supplied by Turkmenistan. Yet now the relations have been elevated to a new level, and the importance of the Iranian track for Turkmen foreign policy was emphasized during the second official visit of Berdimuhamedov to Iran. Turkmenistan is facing an acute issue with food supplies, and it is Iran that satisfies a significant part of the country’s needs in agricultural products. According to official data, volumes of non-energy trade between Turkmenistan and Iran
keep growing
...
... problem will be solved. Having built “alternate airfields” in neighbouring countries, business may well return to Russia.
Turkmenistan is likely to benefit tangibly from rising gas prices. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, on the contrary, may lose due to ... ... significant increase in fuel prices, which will also inevitably affect economic growth.
Finally, two other neighbouring countries, Iran and North Korea, should be mentioned. Tehran has a unique window of opportunity. The risk of a shortage of oil in the world ...
... military provisions of the convention is understandable.
Third, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia, as well as Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, had earlier agreed among themselves on a division of the seabed and had signed agreements on the matter. Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkmenistan have so far failed to reach similar agreements and have experienced some military tension over the disputed offshore oil and gas fields. Article 8 of the convention leaves the issue of seabed division to the concerned states to tackle among ...
... South Asia is nothing new. There is already the off-and-on Peace pipeline from Iran to Pakistan and further to India (known as IP Gas), as well as the TAPI gas pipeline (involving Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India). It should be noted that Iran and Turkmenistan, the gas producers for both projects, have already conducted the requisite work, and the relevant pipelines have already been laid. The problem is buyers and transit countries stalling the process. In the IP Gas case, the lack of funds and ...
... Indo-European linguistic family. Throughout its independence, Kazakhstan has become Iran's largest trading partner in the region, with the swap-based system of oil supplies
[2]
. Ties with Turkmenistan are stable and dynamic.
Experts estimate
that, in 2012, Iran was Turkmenistan’s third largest trading partner (after China and Russia).
Cooperation with Iran in the gas sector is particularly important to Turkmenistan. In 1997, the Korpeje–Kordkuy natural gas pipeline was built, with a capacity of 8 billion ...
... positive moves towards resolving the Caspian problems. On 18 November 2010, for example, an agreement on cooperation in the field of security in the Caspian Sea was signed by the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Azerbaijan Republic, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Russian Federation and Turkmenistan. Within the framework of this agreement the different sides agreed to cooperate in fighting terrorism, organised crime, the illegal movement of weapons of any kind and of ammunition, explosives and toxic substances and military equipment,...
... mechanism for imposing a moratorium on catching sturgeon.
According to official statements, the negotiations only made headway on environmental issues (such as conserving the sturgeon population). In addition, the “Caspian Five” (Russia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan) reaffirmed the principle of Caspian states’ non-interference in regional affairs.
As far as I can gather, no progress has been achieved on the main problem, i.e. agreeing spheres of influence. And without that, signing ...
