Halal as the Staff of Life: “New” Growth Areas in Russian–Indonesian Trade Ties

... Russia second only to Australia, which accounts for nearly half of Indonesia’s coal briquette imports. Consequently, competition with other foreign suppliers poses little risk to Russia’s standing in the Indonesian market. The key challenge lies in Indonesia’s ambition to cut its carbon footprint in the national economy and transition to cleaner energy sources, including liquefied natural gas (LNG). However, this move has yet to materialize, as coal briquette imports remain high in the past three years, domestic consumption is rising, and coal production hit a new high at 831 million tons in ...