... international meeting in Jeddah in August 2023.
The Global South embarks upon the path of diplomacy
In August, it became known about the consultations held in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, with the participation of the U.S., the UK, the EU, Turkey, Brazil, India, China and South Africa on the settlement of the Ukrainian conflict. It is noteworthy that representatives of Ukraine attended the meeting, while Russia did not receive an invitation. It became known from open sources that during the event Saudi Arabia
shared
its ...
... however, the theme of BRICS+ remains heavily under-researched and in need of more perspectives coming from all of the members of BRICS / BRICS+.
In practical terms, the implementation of the BRICS+ framework has taken the form of BRICS+ summits (in 2017 (China), 2018 (South Africa), and 2022 (China)) that involve the invitation of a number of developing economies outside of the BRICS core. Brazil, Russia, and India opted not to conduct BRICS+ summits altogether. Despite the lack of clarity and detail on the exact modalities ...
... within the framework of this format. The approach of Russia is known, which promoted the concept of “integration of integrations”, which implies the cooperation of integration projects, where the participating countries are leaders (EAEU, Mercosur, South African Customs Union). China could participate through the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. If to consider the concept of “integration” precisely as a formalized process of trade liberalisation, then at present individual regional integration blocs would really ...
... synchronize views. In the last few years, nearly a decade into its establishment and operation, BRICS is facing a crisis. On the one hand, the crisis has a specific set of causes, which include an economic downturn in three of its countries (Russia, Brazil, South Africa) as well as the worsening contradictions between China and India or between China and Brazil. The accumulated dissatisfaction with the actual results of the grouping’s ten years of operation has also contributed to these trends, since many initiatives remained mere slogans, including the goal to amplify ...
... sanctioned objects in the mirror are closer than they appear.” In other words, China may also be a subject to sanctions at one point partially or fully.
Tristan Kenderdine:
US–Iran Conflict Would Strengthen China’s Position in the Middle East
China, Russia, India, Brazil, and South Africa are the founding members of the
New Development Bank
. NDB’s 2017–2021 general strategy clearly highlights the bank’s commitment and intention to be new in three areas: 1) new relationships; 2) new projects and instruments; 3) new ...
... starting a trade war with its principal rival. No matter how much Washington may be courting India seen as a main counterbalance to China in the new political and geographical setup in the Indo-Pacific, the stance of the President of the United States on protecting ... ... inclusive and sustainable development, “the fourth industrial revolution,” and Africa’s special role in the context of South Africa’s claim to leadership on the continent. On the other hand, each party received some working mechanisms and initiatives ...
... Global Television Network (CGTN) in cooperation with South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) held a live phone-in show on the upcoming BRICS Summit in SAR.
The summit will be held on July 25-27 in Johannesburg. The leaders of Russia, Brazil, India, China, and South Africa, as well as the leaders of Argentina, Egypt, Turkey, Indonesia, and Jamaica will take part in the meeting. The main theme of the summit will be cooperation in the area of economic planning in the face of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
...
... states.
8
. Rather than flights the LEO on the Polar Space Launch Vehicles (PSLV).
9
. CNSA is the national space agency of China. It is responsible for the national space program and for planning and development of space activities.
10
. Kosmicheskaya ... ... SC-19 direct-ascent anti-satellite (ASAT) in 2007 provoked both indignation and fears on the US behalf.
12
. Keith Gottschalk. South Africa's Space Program. 2010. Astropolitics 8 (1): pp. 35-48. doi:10.1080/14777622.2010.496528.
13
. The Outer Space Treaty ...
... and most influential countries. Recalling that BRICS so far, since the summit in Durban (South Africa) in 2013, has had a habit of inviting countries of the region in the outreach format where the chair-state had the greatest weight and respect. For South Africa, these are African countries, for Latin America — UNASUR countries, for Russia — CIS and SCO countries, etc.
Victoria Panova:
Who makes BRICS more alive than BRICSers themselves
China proposed a revolutionary idea — to create some permanent «circle of friends» of BRICS, observers or dialogue partners who would interact with the association on an ongoing basis. And these should be not the countries of the region, but representatives ...
... Russia, preceded the summit and they will also follow it; all in all, they will be held
in over 30 areas
. Particular mention should be made of the BRICS Think Tank Council (BTTC) which brings together BRICS strategic centers in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Expert recommendations drafted at the scheduled meeting of the
Goa BRICS Academic Forum in September
were brought to the attention of the heads of state.
What changes did take place in a little over a year between Russia’s and India’s ...
