Kyrgyzstan 25 Years after the Collapse of the USSR
... powers democratically and not by way of revolutionary actions. At the same time, the 2017 presidential campaign became the key test for transforming the system. On the eve of the campaign, the country once again faced a choice of opposing elements: democracy versus authoritarianism, parliamentary republicanism versus presidential republicanism, and the interchangeability of power versus effective governance. 1 . Knyazev A. A. Directions and Paradigms of Kyrgyz Independence (Sketches in Post-Soviet History). Bishkek,...