Europe Under Fire from US Secondary Sanctions

... future deals with sanctioned entities, while not shutting down its economic activity. The use of fines is an important measure of secondary sanctions, and it is European companies that suffer from fines the most. Fines on European Businesses Over the last ... ... rules. The largest fines are usually paid for violations of this kind. Wilful intent, negligence, involvement of management, refusal to come clean, inadequacy of compliance programmes and other factors are seen by the Americans as aggravating circumstances ...