... regimes. And here, in all likelihood, a certain revision of the existing policy lies ahead. It is unlikely to lead to radical qualitative changes in all azimuths, but a correction of important details can be expected.
The most important category is sanctions against China. The Donald Trump administration seriously increased the quality and quantity of restrictive measures against Beijing. The main issues are the containment of the PRC in the field of telecommunications and the defence-industrial complex, the situation ...
... financial sectors, and by treating Moscow the same way the US treated Tehran during the four Trump years. However, bringing sanctions to a new level would create too many risks for the global economic system in general and for the US economy in particular.... ... disagreements between Moscow and Washington, on such issues as tactical nuclear weapons, ballistic missile defence, engaging China and other nuclear powers, etc., will not disappear under the new administration. It is also clear that the Biden Administration ...
... US government employees. The Americans linked the actions of the hackers with the government structures of the PRC, although China wasn’t mentioned specifically in the state of emergency decree.
The next wake-up call was the investigation by the US ... ... the United States. In the US, she is accused of providing HSBC bank with misleading information in an attempt to circumvent US sanctions against Iran. Huawei viewed the arrest as a politically motivated attack on the company. Huawei is still under heavy ...
... international law. On September 19, 2020, a
separate legal mechanism for imposing sanctions appeared in China
. It is focused on protecting the national interests and sovereignty of the PRC and was created, apparently, in response to the growing number of US sanctions against China. However, it is possible that it can be used on other issues, including international agreements in which the PRC participates.
In Russia, the Federal Law of 30.12.2006 No. 281-FZ (as amended by the Federal Law of 01.05.2019 No. 83-FZ) “On Special ...
... aimed at mitigating the conflict in Donbass. Russia was repeatedly criticized over its “failure to implement the Minsk agreement.”
Danil Bochkov:
China Replacing Russia as the Boogeyman in the U.S. Presidential Campaign: Implications for Russia-China Relations
The EU
annually
extended sanctions against Russia, with a
recent
update in 2019. In early 2019 Moscow also came under a new wave of EU
sanction
s in connection with the poisoning of S. Skripal in 2018. The EU and Russia came to odds over the Syrian issue, with the former “always ...
... fear secondary sanctions and fines from the US authorities. Naturally, in the PRC, there is the possibility to make use of internal banking, aside from global banks (Chinese banks operating in the global market are still extremely careful about the US sanctions regimes). China is a large and, in many areas, a fairly autonomous power, capable of providing its citizens with access to banking and any other market services.
However, most people from the management and business elite have been actively involved in globalisation ...
...
Towards Strategic Autonomy: the Role of the EU in the Growing China-USA Rivalry
Following a blueprint tailored for Russia, the U.S. has resorted to a maximum pressure campaign against China. In 2018 a full-scale trade war
erupted
and was followed by
sanctions
introduced against the most vital industry for China’s global rise — the hi-tech sector. Huawei and ZTE were
swiped
from the U.S. market. The U.S. also has been widely applying its longer-used instrument of sanctions not solemnly limited to hi-tech giants. Chinese
officials
in Xinjiang and
...
... and China will be cautious about arms sales, as well as quite reluctant to confront the US. Moscow and Beijing know that the US is sensitive to this issue, and even if the arms embargo is lifted, the US will apply unilateral sanctions. Violating these sanctions, thus, would be highly costly for Russia and China. Therefore, they will not jeopardize their interests by engaging with Iran and confronting the US. Simultaneously, some interests, including strengthening of balance, increasing chips' bargaining against the US, and taking advantage of Iran's arms ...
... tools. However, protecting European businesses from the US remains a big question. An equally big question is transformation of European economic power into effective sanctions. At least until the euro takes a more prominent role in global finance.
China: Sanctions That “Cannot Be Named”
China is at the heart of the sanctions policy’s suspense. There are several China-related trends.
First
, China is becoming increasingly active in the international arena. Beijing has significantly beefed up its ...
... China: Toward a New Crusade?
However, the general atmosphere is clearly being pumped up. It has come to the point that Republican Scott Perry introduced two bills to empower the president to recognise
Hong Kong
and
Tibet
as independent states. Regular sanctions were proposed by Senator Pat Toomey on entities that
violate China's obligations to Hong Kong
under the Sino-British Joint Declaration and the Basic Law.
The administrations steps seem much more serious. The White House has published a new
strategic document revealing US policy towards China
. The document is ...
