The Moscow–Tehran Axis: Alliance without Rigid Obligations

... despite the proxy conflict waged between Europe and Russia on the Ukrainian soil and despite the economic war in the form of sanctions, Moscow is nevertheless prepared to sell oil and gas to Europe. “Gazprom has always fulfilled and will continue to ... ... closing the pipes,” Vladimir Putin noted calmly at a press conference following the Tehran summit. At the same time, the Astana format stands at odds with the traditional integration models of the West, which believes similar values to be a prerequisite ...