Victory Without a Winner, Country Without a Ruler: The Phenomenon of General Elections in Pakistan

... compared to 2018: if then the PTI managed to win some contested seats, in 2023 and 2024, there are obvious attempts to ensure the transfer of power to the PML-N party. Both the PML-N and the establishment, however, have faced much more resistance from Pakistani voters supporting Imran Khan and the PTI than expected. This is where the same constant changes, primarily in political culture, that have been developing since 2008 (and even earlier) come into play. Pakistan’s political culture in the 21 st century appears to be very dynamic, especially ...