Sanctioning the Pipelines: Implications for Russia, the EU and the U.S.
....-Russia rivalry agenda. However, executive authorities have not yet implemented sec.235 against Russian pipeline projects, where Nord Stream 2 (NS2) is of paramount importance. One of the reasons could be a concern with the position of Berlin, which has repeatedly ... ... discontent with the U.S. sanctions. Indeed, they benefit from the project. Russia has agreed to preserve a considerable part of its gas transit via Ukraine — this has been one of the key demands to support the project. The European Union has never invited the U.S. to protect them from the NS2, though there was a heated debate inside the EU. Apparently,...