... Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)’s growing presence. The U.S.-India ten-year pact will possibly lead China to enhance its own maritime footprint in IOR and expand maritime cooperation with Pakistan, thus increasing the chances of a second set of China-India-Pakistan tripartite contest. India’s efforts to strengthen its naval and undersea deterrence seen by Pakistan and China as security threat and can be prompted with counter responses which India then can interpret as escalatory and thus generating a ...
...
The admission of India and Pakistan to the SCO in 2017 sparked an enduring debate about whether the organization can function effectively when its members
are locked in
unresolved (or even irresolvable) territorial disputes. This concerns not only India–Pakistan tensions but also India–China frictions. While the agreement to keep discussions of bilateral issues off the SCO framework is still in place, moments of heightened confrontation may produce dramatic political gestures, such as a refusal to ...
..., diasporas, IT knowledge, and dynamism.
Due to its economic prosperity and geopolitical location, South Asia remains linchpin for global powers for a long period, whether it is pre-cold war period or during cold war or post-cold war, countries like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh got independence entered into the international era that totally changed the internal politics of South Asia. Moreover, competition for securing national security between states creates the situation of war and peace. Therefore,...
... multipolar world, where regional powers like Russia and China can counterbalance Western dominance, further strengthens the trilateral relationship.
Muhammad Athar Javed:
Russia Has a Role to Play in Bringing Pakistan Further Up the SCO’s Ladder
Impact of India–Pakistan rivalry
The longstanding rivalry between India and Pakistan is a critical factor in shaping Russia–Pakistan relations. Historically, Russia has maintained close ties with India, particularly in the defense sector. However, as global dynamics ...
... become more active. Competition for “on the ground” presence and for new negotiation formats now determines the region’s balance of power. The emergence of India as a new actor is an important component that could impact regional dynamics.
Before India became visible in the South Caucasus, Pakistan was notably quite active. In 2017, Baku, Ankara and Islamabad
signed
a trilateral statement on regional cooperation. Later, in 2020, Pakistan
supported
Azerbaijan during the war in Nagorno-Karabakh. Islamabad regularly participated in military ...
...
Indian Air Force (IAF), being a numerically superior force with better combat stamina, is postured for a prolonged multi-front and attrition-oriented warfare. This posture, however, now has limited feasibility, particularly after overt nuclearization of India and Pakistan. Unlike PAF, which is entirely structured against India-centric threats, IAF has two major fronts to deal with simultaneously. The likelihood of a two-front war, particularly after the recent Indo-China military crisis, has overstretched IAF ...
... Russia and Ukraine formed the organic core of the Russian Empire, and later that of the Soviet Union. While the collapse of the Soviet Union did not result in an immediate direct military conflict between Moscow and Kyiv like it was in the case of the India-Pakistan War of 1947–1948, it was nevertheless extremely painful for Russia and Ukraine, also triggering significant migration flows that continue up to this day.
It is precisely the closeness of the “cultural and historical codes” of the two pairs ...
... feeling of shock in West Pakistan in 1971. And today, 50 years later, Feroz Hassan Khan still expresses a sense of “deception” by the USA. Pakistan had felt “protected” by the US in the SEATO alliance, but at the loss of Bangladesh and defeat to India, Pakistan
felt
that “Nobody is going to come to your rescue”.
After 1971, Pakistan said "never again". Pakistan invested ever more in military self-dependence in an indigenous nuclear capability. Pakistan’s then Prime Minister Zulfikar ...
... asymmetric. India is far larger, richer and stronger than Pakistan, while the same is true for Russia vis-a-vis Ukraine. That said, neither Pakistan nor Ukraine is so weak that India or Russia could ignore or manipulate their neighbour with impunity. For India, Pakistan is much more important than, say, the neighboring Sri Lanka, where New Delhi also faces numerous challenges in sustaining bilateral ties. Similarly, Ukraine is far more important for Russia than all the three Baltic states combined. While neither ...
... their withdrawal.
The NATO withdrawal creates significant hurdles for regional stability and a power vacuum in Central Asia. There are several players, both internal and external, who are seeking to fill the void left by the Americans and their allies. Pakistan, India, Iran, Turkey, China and Russia seem poised to play the next “
great game
” in the so-called “
graveyard of empires
”. Some of these states have a vested interest in the stability of Afghanistan to ensure regional security and foster economic ...
