China’s flexible energy policy and the US sanctions against Iran and Venezuela
In the last few years, China’s energy policy has changed radically owing to both the changed priorities in domestic policy and sharp bifurcations in the international situation. As the growth pace of the national economy slowed ...
... the nuclear deal was struck, two years after most Western economic sanctions had been lifted and before Donald Trump’s May 2018 decision to withdraw from the deal, Iran still lagged behind on its planned economic revitalization and renovation of its energy sector. In fact, Iran failed to significantly increase its oil production, to upgrade its oil and gas infrastructure and to revitalize its economy.
A whole set of factors contributed to this, including continued limitations placed on Iran by the U.S, time-frame restrictions ...
... specifically aimed at containing Tehran’s nuclear program. Second, if the requirements become global, Iran will get much more substantial guarantees concerning the nuclear programs of its rivals in the Middle East. Applying similar restrictions to Iran’s regional opponents would provide equal guarantees of nuclear energy being used exclusively for peace in the Middle East.
Thus, adopting JCPOA globally could resolve several issues at once. First, indefinite restrictions would be imposed on Iran’s nuclear program (as well as on the other signatories of the planned ...