... destinations (primarily, the supplies of fuel and lubricants, as well as metals, wood, agricultural products), regional security issues, and strengthening cooperation along integration tracks, especially in the EEU. Russia is the second largest investor into
Kyrgyzstan’s economy
next to China, and Russian investments in the first half of 2022 increased 3.5 times year-on-year. During the SMO, Russian and Kyrgyz officials have held several meetings, while the heads of state have met twice, at the CSTO summit in Moscow and ...
... still dependent either on mineral exports (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) or on workforce exports (Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan).
Considering the small middle class – its absolute size is difficult to ascertain, but it
includes
about 30 per ... ... materials and transport, Central Asian countries are increasingly reaching the objective limits of their growth.
A colossal shadow economy characterises the region. For example,
according to
Minister of Employment and Labour Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan ...
... high organizational costs (including corruption-related payments within the regulated economy) essentially
force
the population to turn to “shadow” money as a way to service their basic needs and ensure survival. The vicious circle of crises in Kyrgyzstan’s economy, many of which cannot be resolved without the active and responsible participation of the state, makes it hard to normalize economic relations. Without such normalization it is impossible to ensure the country’s full-fledged integration into ...
... 10 times lower than in Kazakhstan, and 20 times lower than in Russia. This means that agricultural and industrial production, i.e. the real sectors of the economy, must be intensified as soon as possible. At present, the main structural component of Kyrgyzstan’s national economy is agriculture, at 25 per cent. Trade relations and services account for 43 per cent of the economy, while finance makes up 5–7 per cent, and 20 per cent goes towards the country’s development. This structural distribution of the national ...
