... operation in Ukraine and instabilities risen in the Balkan also poses newly emerging security, resource, and economic threats to all the European and Mediterranean regional states. Given that more than forty six percent of the European demand of natural gas is supplied by the Russian Federation, the future of the energy security procedures remains unclear in this region. The reliance of the majority of main industries in Europe on fossil fuels also portrays how vulnerable are these industrial states ...
... of Russia’s energy sectors, but struggles to remain relevant amid fast-paced changes in the global markets. Several crucial but politically sensitive energy issues still need further clarification of policies: the future fiscal regime for oil and gas that could incentivize output and prevent production declines; industrial and technological policy; the choice of the future model for Russia’s gas industry and whether it is going to develop under continued state regulation or in the market environment; ...
... on average $700 million per year. It is estimated that
at least 3 bcm of gas produced by Naftogaz
and its subsidiaries do not reach intended customers in the residential/heating sector.
REUTERS/Valentyn Ogirenko/Pixstream
Anna Tsybulina:
Ukraine's Economy: Where from and Where to?
Mismanagement in the state-owned company is combined with the over-taxation of the private (‘independent’) gas producers. Ukraine’s 'independents' are an important domestic source of natural gas supplies.
Ukraine produced 20.5 bcm of gas in 2014
, down 1.0 bcm when compared to 2013. Private producers, however, increased their output by 18 % to 3.3 bcm....
