... trilateral consortium—the Icebreaker Collaboration Effort, or ICE Pact—with an explicit intention to challenge Russia and China in icebreaker construction and deployment. It is expected that by the end of 2024 the three nations will turn ICE into a ... ... regions and enforce international norms and treaties, a senior US administration official told reporters.
The Future of the Arctic Council. RIAC Report
The reference to international norms might sound ironic, when it comes from a country that has never ...
... developing Arctic hydrocarbon resources and the Northern Sea Route became the top priority, while in the mid-2010s, those issues were partially eclipsed by Moscow’s new confrontation with Washington and a sharp decline in relations with its NATO allies.
China is thousands of miles away from the Arctic, so its interests in the region differ widely from those of Russia. They primarily stem from China’s position as one of the two leading global powers of the twenty-first century, and, on a more formal level, as a permanent member of the UN Security ...
Russia and Canada face the need to build a balanced and cautious policy about non-Arctic states
The Arctic is currently undergoing significant transformations that are the result of climate change and the global ... ... either updated their Arctic strategies or adopted for their first ever strategic documents on the issue. For example, in 2018, China was the first to adopt a
White Paper
on its policy in the Arctic. Given the increasing presence of extra-regional actors,...
The Prospects of Developing Cooperation in the Arctic
When a year draws to a close, tradition dictates that we take stock of the past 12 months and plan for the future. What ... ... resources, and that the military confrontation between NATO and Russia would expand, did not come true either. The forecasts of China’s expansion in the Arctic under the slogan of developing the “Polar Silk Road” initiative, part of the larger “One ...
... Zones, but it will oppose any extended continental shelf claims that exceed these EEZs. China is likely to dispute Russian and Canadian claims to sovereignty over their seaways, in which it could potentially get support from the European Union and the USA. [14]
However, scholars say that China should be cautious in asserting claims to the Arctic Ocean. The notion that the polar waters should be international territory might be turned against its own claims to sovereignty over most of the South China Sea, the Senkaku and Diaoyu Islands and even the island state of Taiwan.[15]
Chinese ...