Sailing Through the VUCAII World: Evolving Security Paradigms and Pakistan’s Maritime Imperatives

Making maritime security a core element of national strategy is pivotal as the Indian Ocean is not just a theater of competition but a major lifeline for Pakistan’s economic and strategic interests In ... ... struggles remain deeply ingrained, mainly in the maritime domain where geopolitical competition is continuously reshaping the world order. To explain these complex dynamics, the VUCA framework (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) has long ...