... Venezuela
. The United States responded to the political crisis in Venezuela in 2019 with new sanctions. Executive Order 13857 (2019) clarified the parameters of
the state of emergency on Venezuela
, and Executive Order 13884 (2019) introduced blocking sanctions against
the government assets of Venezuela
, which included PdVSA. Given the importance of oil export revenues for the country, a blow to PdVSA meant an inevitable reduction in export revenues and the degradation of the oil industry.
Signs of changes began to appear in 2022. In November 2022, following an agreement on negotiations between the ...
...
Digressions aside, it is no mystery that current Venezuelan President has been very vocal about his criticism regarding United States' policies, not differently from his predecessor Hugo Chávez. It is also interesting that Venezuela's oil reserves are larger than Saudi Arabia's. It should be noticed as well that the current price crisis is definitely putting the Venezuelan economy to a tough test, with the risk of default looming large. If the sanctions were to escalate, a script which has already been played more than once in the past, that might deliver the final blow. A hypothetical default would also have direct repercussion on China and Russia, which are owed important debts from Venezuela,...