... published on January 30, 2024.
www.foreignaffairs.com
12
. John W, Jay Raymond, Opinion: How the US Space Force Is Trying to bring order to increasingly messy outer space, The Washington Post, November 29, 2021
13
. Sandra Erwin. US sharpens plan for military space e race, SpaceNews, July 1, 2023,
www.spacenews.com
14
. Le Bourget, ESA announces the Zero Debris Charter initiative supported by Airbus Defence and Space, OHB and Thales Alenia Space, EESA, June 22, 2023.
15
. Fact Sheet: Strengthening US International Space ...
... weapons and other weapons of mass destruction in space, but also prohibits the establishment of military bases, testing of weapons and conducting military maneuvers on celestial bodies. Nonetheless, it does not directly ban all military activities in space, the creation of military space forces, or the placement of conventional weapons in space. Since 1967 many countries, including the US, Russia, China and India have conducted a variety of unhindered tests of anti-satellite weapons prototypes. So far, the most visible ...
... however slow and cautious it may be. This is not simply a “flag-sticking mission,” which is clearly proved by the fact that the U.S. military has started real work on the
CHPS (Cislunar Highway Patrol Satellite) programme
– effectively the first military spacecraft intended for use beyond the Earth’s orbit, in this case, for monitoring the lunar space and non-U.S. space vehicles around the Moon. This work aims to discover whether these vehicles are engaged in activities that threaten U.S. national interests (American interests now extend at least to the lunar orbit, with the menacing addition ...
... changing the political reality. Although worrying, these developments are not surprising given the fact that national security and economy of states are becoming more dependent on critical space infrastructure. That in turn increases their vulnerability in space and this is the reason why states strive for more security with military space doctrines and more investments. The current problem now is that actors interpret their mutual security efforts as potentially harmful and so some of them are experiencing a security dilemma, while others are on the threshold of it.
Taking ...
... satellites. Nevertheless, these projects are nothing bigger than attempts to replicate the Soviet and U.S. space programs of the last third of the past century.
The Phantom Menace
Ksenia Muratshina:
Will There Be New Star Wars in Asia-Pacific? China's Military Space Program
Having reviewed the past six decades of space exploration, it is apparent that the impact of space equipment on international security is rather complex.
On the one hand, spacecraft enhance security by supporting the enforcement of international treaties and helping build trust and transparency....
