... values and institutions developed on Anglo-Saxon and European cultural and historical grounds. However, in the process of the West transformation into an influential center of power and gravity in a globalizing world, the states that belong to this community ... ... American intellectual tradition, the phrase “rule-based order” is, strictly speaking, synonymous of “liberal world order.” Liberalism as the basis of the ideological and political vision shared by Americans goes back to the first European colonists ...
... systems, their submission to the requirements of efficiency, going hand in hand with disciplinary control and involving ever-wider masses of people. In political philosophy, these phenomena are denoted as the concept of modernity. The basic feature of the West is “modernity” with its mass rationality as a goal, means and value all rolled into one. Liberalism, with its faith in the human mind and progress, is a typical ideology of modernity. But socialism is also typical for modernity, because it is based on the same rationality and fixation on the progressive possibilities of the human mind. Their ...
... manifestations of archaic nature, symptoms of inconsistent and incomplete modernization, impeding their successful integration into the new global world.
Today, such causal relationships look much less convincing than three decades ago. Political and economic liberalism are undergoing tough times; their fundamental principles are being questioned even in the so-called historical West, while alternative socio-political and economic models are demonstrating sustainability and, in some cases, high efficiency. This raises the question about combining the universal character of globalization with the continuing pluralism of national ...
... alternatives. China is apparently not ready to propose an export-oriented model of its political authoritarianism. While Russia is drifting farther and farther away from the West politically, it continues to declare its adherence to the basic values of western democracy and market economy. How many decades more do we need to wait to see a full-fledged alternative to liberalism? Or was Fukuyama correct and such alternative cannot be invented as a matter of principle, just like we cannot invent the perpetual motion machine?
Indeed, Fukuyama's notion of the world’s black-and-white split into “historical” and “post-historical” ...
... that the EU’s principle of subsidiarity is basically a copy of the Protestant principle of subsidiarity which advocated the decentralization of decision-making in Protestant communities.
3
. Financial Times reporter Eduard Luce’s
The Retreat of Western Liberalism
makes the exactly same claim. See Luce, E. (2017).
The Retreat of Western Liberalism
. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
4
. Yamaguchi, M. (2017).
Riberarizumu toiu yamai
[The Sickness of Liberalism]. Tokyo: Shinchosha.
5
. Yagi, H. (2001)....
... Europe was faced with an unpleasant dilemma: to either remain civilized and defend the principles of democracy, tolerance and liberalism, or sacrifice all this for the sake of self-preservation. Unfortunately, while Europe struggles to find a solution ... ... Middle Ages. And the sooner humanity accepts this and sets about the universal process of Reformation along the lines of the Western European model, the better.
Protestantism became the ideological basis for the formation of national European governments....
... and the
righteous
and
unrighteous
. To this end, we are definitely facing a challenge to postmodernism.
Maxim Bratersky:
Is Liberalism Dead?
The limitations of rationalism and the need for deep social integration are plainly visible in internal organization ... ... alternative project for social integration. And the most spectacular proof appears to lie in the decades-long inability of the West to handle the migration problem. The civilized world cannot offer a new religion, which would provide society with the degree ...
... the principles of liberalism appear basically universal, the real-life models of the United States and Great Britain sharply differ from the continental versions of France, Italy and Spain. The Japanese and Indian systems markedly diverge from their Western counterparts. But they all represent liberalism.
Is Russian liberalism a reality?
Wikimedia.org
Maxim Bratersky:
Is Liberalism Dead?
When some say that liberalism in Russia has exhausted its historical resources, remember that there has never been a Russia-adapted model. The 1990s brought ...
