... Putin at the G20 summit [
v
]. The EU authorities made declarations about the need for humanitarian exceptions [
vi
]. In the United States, Democratic candidate Joe Biden spoke about this as well [
vii
]. The US administration promptly released a list of exceptions to its sanctions, many of which were in place long before the pandemic. They concern Iran, Syria, Cuba, North Korea, Venezuela and Russia [
viii
]. A joint US-Swiss relief supply channel for Iran has become operational [
ix
]. We saw the first transactions ...
... measures that go beyond the scope of the relevant UN Security Council resolutions. The Regulation did not contain any provision, allowing for the delivery of light-water reactor equipment to Iran.
In 2011-2012, the EU and the U.S. tightened unilateral sanctions pressure on Iran. The tightening was due to frustration over the lack of progress in the negotiations of the six international mediators (Russia, United Kingdom, Germany, China, USA, France) with Tehran over its nuclear program (INP), and concern derived from purported research, mentioned in the
Annex to the IAEA Director General Report
of November 8th, 2011. On November 21st, 2011 the U.S. Department ...
