Goma, the City on the Volcano

... conflict The escalation in eastern DRC began long before alarming headlines started appearing in the media. But how far back do we go? Options are open and include: 2022, when tensions steadily rose as M23 expanded its territorial control in eastern DRC; 2021, when M23 resurfaced after its military defeat in 2013; 2012, when M23 first emerged, reached its peak capturing Goma; The Second Congo War (1998–2003), or even further back to the colonial era, when the ethnic dynamics that now fuel the conflict first took ...