... external normative pressures, prompting a redefinition of the nature and conditions of international engagement.
These transformations should not be viewed in isolation but rather as a mobile operational pattern across the entire region, as also evident in Burkina Faso. They are therefore not individual cases but part of a broader operational model extending beyond a single state.
Ivan Loshkaryov:
The Alliance of Sahel States: Initial Difficulties as a Resource for Development
These developments do not merely reflect the decline of one international power and the rise of another; they indicate a change in the environment within which all powers operate. In an ...
... sanctions against Niamey, the governments of Niger, Burkina Faso and Mali announced their withdrawal from ECOWAS, driving the process of regional disintegration further. Shortly before that, the Sahel trio had one after another pulled out of the G5 Sahel—Mali in the spring of 2022, Burkina Faso and Niger in November 2023—leading to its collapse (the
G5S
had also included Mauritania and Chad).
Nikita Panin:
Feeding Africa: Sanctions Make It Worse, Imports Don’t Help, What’s the Solution?
After the Confederation was founded,...
... to cut the ties between moderate Tuareg paramilitary groups and radicals? What leverage do France and the U.S. have over the Sahel countries? What options do Russia, China, Turkey and Arab states have for expanding their influence? Is it likely to have ... ... Diplomacy, HSE University, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University and MGIMO University, as well as experts from Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger.
