Breaking the Ice: The Northern Sea Route

..., which is up by ~297% from 2008 or in monetary terms $4 million for a full fill up for an equivalent of an OOCL Atlanta. As bunker fuel can add up to more than 70% of shippers’ voyage expenses (see: Standards & Poor’s, 2013), then cutting ... ... via which the tax burden for such construction can be shared. For Russia major Arctic projects lack both, as construction on permafrost is far from easy and the constantly dwindling population due to migration or death undermines the internal market. ...